Refining the Gaia DR3 Parallax Zero-point: A Hybrid Approach Combining Global Parametric Correction with Local Refinement

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ID: 317016
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The Gaia Data Release 3 (GDR3) parallaxes are affected by a complex bias that depends on stellar magnitude, color, and celestial position, with amplitudes reaching tens of microarcseconds (μas). Standard global parametric models (e.g., Lindegren et al. 2021, hereafter L21) effectively remove large-scale trends but struggle to resolve small-scale spatial systematics due to functional rigidity. We aim to construct a flexible, data-driven calibration map that eliminates these residual local systematics without imposing rigid functional forms. We propose a ”Global Pre-correction + Local Refinement” hybrid strategy. First, we utilize the L21 model as a baseline to remove the dominant magnitude and color-dependent biases. Second, we model the residual zero-point using a Local Non-parametric method based on a Sliding Window technique. This approach fits local trends using k-nearest neighbors from quasars (for faint stars, G ≥ 18) and wide binaries combined with Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) (for bright stars, G < 18). Our hybrid model demonstrates significant improvements over the standard L21 solution. Validation against different samples reveals a remarkably flat residual map with near-zero bias across the full sky. Our mathematical attempt at calibrating the parallax zero-point is expected to provide a useful reference for the zero-point correction in future Gaia DR4, and to help move towards a physical resolution of this issue.
Reference Key
openalex_W7164390337 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Ye Ding, Shilong Liao, Zhaoxiang Qi, Qiqi Wu, Qi Xu, Keyu Zhu
Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag1115
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1115
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