Divergent trajectories in fatal drug harms across high-income settings: a comparative synthesis of public surveillance indicators, 2015–23

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ID: 316326
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Fatal drug-related harms have risen across high-income countries over the past decade, yet national surveillance systems differ substantially in case definitions, reporting timeliness, and indicator coverage. These differences make it difficult to determine whether observed cross-national differences reflect epidemiological divergence or heterogeneous measurement. Methods To address this, we compared public surveillance indicators of fatal drug-related harm across the USA, Canada, England and Wales, and European countries reporting to the European Union Drugs Agency (2015–23), using three domains: drug-supply toxicity, surveillance latency, and treatment-system integration. Results Fatal drug-harm indicators suggested divergent trajectories: the USA experienced rapid mortality escalation through 2022 followed by a modest decline, while England and Wales reported continued increases in registration-based deaths. In Canada, deaths involving three or more substances increased from 20% in 2018 to 42% in 2023, with opioid–stimulant combinations accounting for ~60% of deaths by 2023. European estimates remained provisional due to incomplete national reporting. Differences between occurrence-based and registration-based surveillance influenced the apparent timing of trends. Continuity of opioid agonist treatment across incarceration transitions emerged as a measurable treatment-integration signal. Conclusions High-income settings appear to follow distinct fatal drug-harm trajectories shaped by drug-supply toxicity, surveillance architecture, and treatment-system integration. A structured multi-domain framework can help distinguish epidemiological divergence from variation caused by measurement and reporting. It can also guide improvements in timely surveillance, treatment-continuity monitoring, and cross-jurisdictional learning.
Reference Key
openalex_W7163807588 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Ovie Martin Albert, Alexander Arthur
Journal turkish journal of public health
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/pubmed/fdag042
URL
Keywords Keywords not found

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