Biosensors reveal distinct cytosolic pH and redox dynamics across seedlings in response to danger signals and pathogen infection

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ID: 316114
2026
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Abstract
Plants perceive danger signals, pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs), to activate immune responses such as transient apoplastic alkalinization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, how these pH and redox changes occur across organs and tissues during pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) remains poorly understood. Using genetically-encoded biosensors (GEBs), we monitored cytosolic pH and redox dynamics across whole Arabidopsis seedlings with spatiotemporal resolution. Global treatments with diverse danger signals first induced cytosolic acidification and oxidation in roots, followed by petioles and, later, the hypocotyl, revealing organ-specific responsiveness and a bidirectional response gradient. By contrast, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 induced sustained cytosolic alkalinization and suppressed redox responses in inoculated shoots, even when co-treated with PAMPs. Mutants either lacking a functional flagellum (ΔfliC) or Type-3 secretion system (ΔhrcC) induced opposite or no long-term responses in the cytosol, respectively. Together, these findings highlight that the plant's immune response is not uniform but instead follow organ- and tissue-specific patterns which are trigger-dependent, and reflect distinct capacities of seedling cells to activate PTI.
Reference Key
openalex_W7163746318 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Eliana Mor, Kaarthik Ramesh, Harika Bandaru, Silke Robatzek
Journal Journal of experimental botany
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jxb/erag279
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag279
Keywords Keywords not found

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