Crossing thermal limits: functional collapse of the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri under simulated extreme marine heatwave

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ID: 315948
2026
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Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are intensifying under climate change, yet the physiological limits that constrain seagrass resilience remain poorly defined. We experimentally tested the responses of the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri, a foundation species of the Northeast Pacific coast, to simulated MHWs of contrasting intensity. In a 27-day mesocosm experiment, plants were exposed to fluctuating temperatures representing a severe MHW (23.5 ± 1.5 °C) and an extreme MHW (26.5 ± 1.5 °C), while photosynthetic performance, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, oxidative stress, and growth were monitored during and after warming. Phyllospadix scouleri maintained photosynthetic capacity and carbon balance under severe warming but exhibited pronounced physiological disruption at extreme temperatures, including sustained photoinhibition, reduced nitrate assimilation, elevated respiration, and negative daily productivity. These effects persisted after heat stress, leading to reduced growth and indicating incomplete recovery. Multivariate analyses revealed a transition from tolerance to functional breakdown near 26.5 °C, suggesting a potential physiological tipping point only 5-6 °C above current summer maxima in the area of the studied population. Our findings indicate that intensifying MHWs may rapidly erode the thermal safety margin of temperate seagrasses, pushing foundational coastal ecosystems toward metabolic instability under continued ocean warming.
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Authors Manuel Vivanco-Bercovich, Paula Bonet-Melià, Nadine Schubert, Lázaro Marín‐Guirao, Raquel Muñiz‐Salazar, Alejandro Cabello‐Pasini, Alejandra Ferreira-Arrieta, Jessica Anayansi García‐Pantoja, José Manuel Guzmán-Calderón, Gabriele Procaccini, Guillermo Samperio-Ramos, Jose Miguel Sandoval‐Gil
Journal Journal of experimental botany
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jxb/erag260
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