Sorghum ferulate-5-hydroxylase overexpression enhances aphid proliferation and weakens brown midrib12 -linked resistance

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ID: 314668
2026
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Abstract
Despite its resilience, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) remains vulnerable to biotic stresses, including infestation by the sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari), a critical pest of sorghum. Ferulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H), an enzyme involved in sorghum monolignol biosynthesis, acts upstream of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), which is encoded by the Brown midrib12 (Bmr12) gene. Loss of COMT activity enhances SCA resistance by increasing levels of the auxin conjugate indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate (IAA-Asp). To assess the role of F5H in sorghum defense against SCA, we compared F5H-overexpressing (OE) lines with RTx430 (wild-type) plants. Aphid bioassays and feeding behavior analysis using Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) revealed that aphids prefer to colonize and feed more on F5H-OE plants than on RTx430. Biochemical analyses revealed similar lignin levels between lines, but F5H-OE plants had lower basal flavonoids. Moreover, SCA infestation suppressed auxin signal transduction genes that restrict aphid proliferation. Interestingly, exogenous application of IAA-Asp restored SCA resistance in F5H-OE plants to RTx430 levels. While bmr12 displayed resistance to SCA, the combination of F5H-OE with bmr12 (bmr12-F5H-OE) significantly attenuated the bmr12-conferred resistance. Together, these findings reveal that F5H-OE amplifies sorghum susceptibility to SCA by disrupting auxin and flavonoid-mediated defenses, while reaffirming that the loss of Bmr12 function confers strong aphid resistance.
Reference Key
openalex_W7162081347 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors K.S. Verma, Kumar Shrestha, Sajjan Grover, Kyle Koch, Scott E. Sattler, Joe Louis
Journal Journal of experimental botany
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jxb/erag245
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erag245
Keywords Keywords not found

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