Identity and Reform in Kashmiri Shīʿī Society, 1890–1947

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ID: 314436
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries saw the emergence of religious and socioeconomic reformist trends in the Shīʿī world. The turbulences and transformations ushered in by colonial modernity were already challenging the political and sociocultural order of the colonies, questioning their authority and legitimacy. Simultaneously, there was intense intellectual unrest in the major cities of the Shīʿī world which contributed to the development and formulation of an internal critique of the Shīʿī creedal apparatus. In most cases, reformists saw the recovery of the correct creed and theology as an empowering phenomenon that freed the social classes from the exploitative grasp of the clerics. The reformist phenomenon in the Shīʿī world predominantly consisted of two questions: one, how to equip the community to rise to the challenges of colonialism and scientific modernity; and, two, radical reformulation of the Shīʿī creed by critiquing the clerics and their inherited discourse. This chapter explores the expressions of Muslim reform within the Shīʿī society in the Himalayan valley of Kashmir during the last quarter of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries, a time that witnessed the emergence of a plethora of trans-sectarian movements that aimed at spiritual and sociopolitical revival and consolidation of the umma in Kashmir in response to centuries of atrophying tradition and colonial blows that had rendered it incapacitated and weak.
Reference Key
openalex_W7162012783 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Hakim Sameer Hamdani, Mehran Qureshi
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197532805.013.71
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197532805.013.71
Keywords Keywords not found

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