The Development and Variability of Agriculture in South America

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ID: 314366
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The South American continent is a unique setting for understanding agriculture because distinct trajectories and practices emerged in two main geophysical zones: the Andes and the Amazon. The two regions share some characteristics, such as high biodiversity of crop species and varieties, landscape transformations and fields systems, and the integration of similar crops (tubers in general, chili peppers, peanuts, squashes, and maize), yet there are important distinctions in the ways agriculture emerged and developed. Archaeobotanical remains provide lasting records of fields and other landscape transformations. The examples chosen for this chapter also highlight some of the local agricultural variability within these zones and are indicative of the diverse practices of agriculture and agroforestry employed. The examples that follow build on decades of research. As there are good summary articles on this work through 2010, including chapters in the last Handbook of South American Archaeology, we therefore focus on newer scholarship that adds to these ongoing investigations of South American agriculture. The discussion is framed by plant cultivation in diverse managed spaces; an ample range of herbaceous, tree, and palm crops; and the processes by which spaces and species were brought under greater human management.
Reference Key
openalex_W7161968870 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Myrtle P. Shock, Maria C. Bruno
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391367.013.67
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391367.013.67
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