Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence

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ID: 314334
2026
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Abstract
Abstract This chapter explores the legitimacy of violence as a means to achieve the reform (iṣlāḥ) or renewal (tajdīd) of Islam. Modern Muslim reformists articulated many different positions on this topic. In some cases, violence is treated as a legitimate means to reform Islam, while others treated it as illegitimate, except under limited circumstances. Still others opposed violence entirely. The ideas of eight Muslim reformists are analyzed in this chapter. The analysis begins with Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (d. 1792), the eponym of “Wahhabism.” Then it explores the views of Muḥammad ʿAbduh (d. 1905), Ḥasan al-Bannā (d. 1949), Sayyid Quṭb (d. 1966), and Ayman al-Zawahiri (d. 2022). The chapter concludes with a discussion of Jawdat Saʿīd (d. 2022), Wahiduddin Khan (d. 2021), and Abdul Ghaffar Khan (d. 1988). For each of these figures, the sociopolitical context of their lives had a major impact on their views regarding violence.
Reference Key
openalex_W7161940396 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Jeffry R. Halverson
Journal Oxford University Press eBooks
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197532805.013.44
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197532805.013.44
Keywords Keywords not found

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