SlSEC1- and SlSPY-mediated O -glycosylation stabilizes the transcription factor SlNOR to promote tomato fruit ripening
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ID: 313619
2026
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Abstract
O-Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates protein function, yet its role in regulating plant transcription factors remains poorly understood. Here, we report that O-glycosylation regulates NON-RIPENING (SlNOR), the master NAC transcription factor controlling tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Using proteomic and interaction assays, we identified SlNOR as a substrate of two conserved nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosyltransferases: the O-GlcNAc transferase SlSEC1 and the O-fucosyltransferase SlSPY. We mapped three O-glycosylation sites (Thr93, Thr134, and Ser165) within the NAC domain of SlNOR. Biochemical assays suggested that O-glycosylation protects SlNOR from protein degradation. Accordingly, simultaneous mutagenesis of the three O-glycosylation sites reduced SlNOR protein stability and nuclear accumulation. Functionally, O-glycosylated SlNOR exhibited enhanced transcriptional activation of the ethylene biosynthesis genes (SlACS2 and SlACO1), which was corroborated by its increased DNA-binding affinity in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Genetic evidence from CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants revealed that loss of SlSEC1 or SlSPY reduces ethylene production and delays ripening, while the Slsec1-1 Slspy double mutant displayed a cooperative ripening delay and severe growth defects. Collectively, our findings uncover a key PTM-based regulatory mechanism in which SlSEC1/SlSPY-mediated O-glycosylation enhances SlNOR stability and transcriptional activity, thereby coupling a master transcriptional regulator to ethylene biosynthesis for the control of fruit ripening.
| Reference Key |
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| Authors | Yudi Wu, Ruo-Han Ou, Can Yang, Tong-Hao Cui, Qianyu Wang, Yu-Yang Mei, Jia-Fei Qian, Yi-Long Liu, Yuan-Jiang Pan, Zhi-Ping Deng, Qianhui Gong, Li J, Zhen-Yu Qi, Yanna Shi, Donald Grierson, Bo Zhang, Kun‐song Chen, Li X, Xiao-Yong Zhao |
| Journal | The Plant cell |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/plcell/koag144
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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