Extensions of Brown Hamiltonian–III. Applications to irregular satellites of giant planets

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ID: 313614
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Irregular satellites, orbiting at large distances from their host planets, are subject to strong solar perturbations that render long-term orbital predictions particularly challenging. Building upon the extended Brown Hamiltonian framework developed in Paper I, we introduce the modified Lidov integral (CZLK) as a practical diagnostic index to characterize the dynamical modes. We demonstrate that a satellite is trapped inside the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) resonance when CZLK < 0. Applying this criterion to the known population of irregular satellites, we identify 27 candidates in libration. Direct N-body simulations confirm 26 of these predictions, with the sole exception of S/2019 S1, whose discrepancy is attributed to its proximity to the separatrix. These results establish CZLK as a decisive parameter for identifying the ZLK resonance, providing an efficient tool for analyzing the secular dynamics in weakly hierarchical three-body systems.
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Authors Hanlun Lei, Xiaoyan Leng, Evgeni Grishin
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag921
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag921
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