The intestine as a nexus of tissue-encoded immunological memory

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ID: 313590
2026
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Abstract
The intestine is continuously exposed to diverse microbial, dietary, and environmental signals, requiring tightly regulated immune responses that balance host defense and tolerance. Recent advances in single-cell and multiomic technologies have revealed that immune regulation in barrier tissues cannot be fully explained by circulating immune cells but also by coordinated interactions within local tissue microenvironments. In this review, we introduce a conceptual framework that positions the intestine as a hub of tissue-encoded immune programming. Immune states are established through multilayered systems comprising cellular memory, niche memory, and multicellular circuit stabilization across immune, epithelial, and stromal compartments. These programs are reinforced by epigenetic remodeling, transcription factor networks, and metabolic-epigenetic coupling, enabling long-term adaptation to environmental cues. Within the intestinal microenvironment, specialized antigen-sampling pathways and epithelial barrier programs, together with microbiota-derived cues, actively instruct the localization, differentiation, and functional tuning of tissue-adapted immune populations, including tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). Importantly, these locally imprinted programs can disseminate systemically and influence immune responses in distal tissues. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), these tissue-encoded immune programs become pathologically stabilized, enabling TRM and multicellular circuits to sustain chronic inflammation even in the absence of ongoing triggering signals. This perspective highlights tissue-encoded immune states as central regulators of immunity and disease.
Reference Key
openalex_W7161136346 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Mari Murakami, Kiyoshi Takeda
Journal international immunology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/intimm/dxag024
URL
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