An almost NIRCam-dark dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6.63

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ID: 313541
2026
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Abstract
Abstract We present AC-2168, an almost NIRCam-dark, millimetre-bright galaxy. The source was identified blindly in ALMA Band-4 continuum data and remains undetected in the COSMOS-Web DR1 NIRCam catalogue. We spectroscopically confirm a redshift of zspec = 6.631 from [C ii] 158 μm and four tentatively detected CO lines in NOEMA and ALMA data. SED fitting to near-IR to millimetre photometry yields $L_{\rm IR}=1.6^{+0.6}_{-0.4}\times 10^{12}\, L_\odot$, ${\rm SFR}=244^{+82}_{-55}\, M_\odot \, \rm yr^{-1}$, $M_\star =3.7^{+12.2}_{-2.6}\times 10^{10}\, M_\odot$ and AV = 5.4 ± 1.6 mag. From the millimetre continuum and [C ii] emission, we infer a warm ISM with Tdust = 60 ± 11K, $M_{\rm dust}=3.0^{+0.8}_{-0.5}\times 10^{8}\, M_\odot$ and Mgas = 4.1 ± 0.8 × 1010 M⊙. AC-2168 differs from normal UV-selected galaxies in its strong dust obscuration, yet its moderate SFR at high M⋆, consistent with the star-forming main sequence, distinguishes it from most blindly detected DSFGs dominated by intense starbursts. Its short depletion time of $\sim 170\, \rm Myr$, compact ($\sim 1\, \rm kpc$) dust-continuum size, and moderate SFR suggest a massive system caught in a rapid transition near the end of its main assembly phase, consistent with NIRSpec-based SFHs of massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 4 − 5. We also estimate a space density of $\rm 7.8^{+18.0}_{-6.5}\times 10^{-6}\, cMpc^{-3}$ for AC-2168-like NIRCam-dark galaxies at z ∼ 6 − 7, which reaches ∼42% of the abundance of massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 4 − 5. These results jointly suggest that NIRCam-dark galaxies are likely the direct progenitors of a substantial fraction of massive quiescent galaxies.
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Authors L. Bing, Seb Oliver, Mengyuan Xiao, G. Lagache, Sylvia Adscheid, Daizhong Liu, B. Magnelli, R. Neri, M. Dessauges‐Zavadsky, Anton M. Koekemoer, Maximilien Franco, Shuowen Jin, Olivia R. Cooper, Andreas L. Faisst, C. M. Casey, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Hollis B. Akins, A. Beelen, David Elbaz, Steven Gillman, Santosh Harish, Arianna S. Long, H. J. McCracken, Pascal A. Oesch, Louise Paquereau, N. Ponthieu, Jason Rhodes, Brant Robertson, D. B. Sanders, Marko Shuntov, Stephen M. Wilkins
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Journal monthly notices of the royal astronomical society
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stag846
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag846
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