Predicting progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease using longitudinal EEG data: a 12-month cohort study

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ID: 310008
2026
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Abstract
IntroductionAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), serving as a clinical precursor to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), assumes a pivotal role in the early stages of AD prevention. The longitudinal collection of data in aMCI is imperative for monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical interventions.MethodsUtilizing a prospective cohort design, we recruited aMCI individuals and conducted a one-year follow-up study. During this period, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were systematically collected at regular intervals, resulting in four time points for each participant. Based on the follow-up outcomes, participants were stratified into progressive mild cognitive impairment (PMCI) and stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI) groups. We extracted spectral, nonlinear, and functional connectivity features from the EEG data at three cross-sectional time points in the initial nine months and constructed longitudinal features between these cross-sectional assessments. The longitudinal features were fed into machine learning classifiers to predict one-year follow-up outcomes.ResultsThe dynamic trends of EEG features in SMCI and PMCI patients exhibited inconsistency. Utilizing the selected longitudinal features, the support vector machine (SVM) demonstrated the best prediction performance, achieving an accuracy of 94.92%, an area under the curve of 93.25%, a sensitivity of 90.20%, a specificity of 98.80%, a positive predictive value of 98.70%, and an F1-score of 93.65%.DiscussionBy capturing trend information associated with disease progression, longitudinal EEG features contributed to enhancing prediction performance in machine learning models.
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Authors Zhang, Jinxin
Journal Frontiers in surgery
Year 2026
DOI
10.3389/fnagi.2025.1719981
URL
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/aging-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2025.1719981/full
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