Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation and Dwell Time (NPWTi-d) As Adjuvant Therapy for Limb Salvage in a Complicated Necrotizing Facilitis on Ischemic Diabetic Foot

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Abstract
Background: Necrotizing fasciitis superimposed on ischemic diabetic foot ulcers represents a complex and limb-threatening condition, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities such as end-stage renal disease, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Optimal wound management strategies that minimize surgical burden while enhancing infection control and tissue regeneration are essential. This case highlights the use of multimodal adjuvant therapies and multidisciplinary management for limb salvage in a high-risk patient. Case presentation: A 60-year-old woman with a Wagner grade 4 ischemic diabetic foot ulcer complicated by necrotizing fasciitis underwent extensive debridement, fasciotomy, and sequestrectomy, resulting in a large soft tissue defect with substantial bone and tendon exposure. Management: A staged wound management approach was adopted, beginning with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time using normal saline to promote bioburden reduction and granulation tissue formation. This was followed by the application of a dermal substitute combined with conventional negative pressure wound therapy to support dermal regeneration. Throughout the treatment course, multidisciplinary care was provided to optimize the management of systemic comorbidities. Outcome: After four cycles of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time, more than 70 percent of the wound bed was covered with healthy granulation tissue. Over the following three months, further tissue regeneration was achieved with the dermal substitute and negative pressure wound therapy. No additional surgical debridement was required, and limb preservation was successfully maintained without progression to systemic sepsis. Functionally, the patient ambulated with mobility assistance and reported minimal pain with good treatment acceptability. The patient died at month 5 from cardiovascular disease unrelated to the wound; wound stability through month 5 was recorded only in treating-team documentation. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a staged multimodal adjuvant therapy protocol, incorporating negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time, dermal substitute application with negative pressure wound therapy, and multidisciplinary management of comorbidities, can serve as an effective limb salvage strategy in high-risk patients with necrotizing fasciitis and extensive soft tissue defects when conventional reconstructive options are not feasible. This multimodal protocol may inform practice in high-risk or resource-limited settings.
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Authors Chang, Chang Cheng
Journal Frontiers in surgery
Year Year not found
DOI
10.3389/fsurg.2026.1687275
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