On the sensitiveness of the eye to slight differences of color

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1883
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Abstract
has shown * by his experiments with revolving discs that the eye is able to detect.the change produced by the addition of 1 part of white light to 360 parts of colored light, and that perceptible changes in hue can be brought about by adding to light of any color less than 1 per cent of light of a different color.He infers from this that a normal eye could distingnish at least one thousand different hues in the solar spectrum.At the suggestion of Professor Wolcott Gibbs, I have made a few experiments to test the sensiti veness of the eyes of different people to slight changes of wave.length in different parts of the spectrum.For this purpose, a long, thin sheet of vulcanite was inserted length wise into the collimator of a large spectroscope so as to divide the tube into an upper and a lower half.The lower part of the tube received light from a fixed slit, the upper part from a movable slit of the same width, which could be set exactly over the other, or displaced to the right or to the left.The amount of displacement was determined by means of a steel scale fastened to the upper slit and moving with it past a fixed zero point.The light from the collimator fell upon a Rutherfurd diffraction.grating of about 17,000 lines to the inch, and the resulting spectra were then thrown, one above the other, into the observing telescope.A blackened, metallic diaphragm, out of which two narrow slits had been cut in the same vertical line, was placed in the eye-piece of the telescope, so that when the two collimator slits were even the observer saw merely two narrow strips (one over the other) of the same colored light on a black field.When the movable collimator slit was displaced, the color of the observer's lower strip was changed without changing its position in the field, and the object of the experiments was to see how small a displacement could be infallibly detected and named in direction by the observer.The width of the collimator slit was about '25 mm , and the slit in the eye•piece diaphragm was nearly of the apparent size of the collimator slits as seen through the telescope.The length of that part of the spectrum which waH so bright as to be easily studied (say from Li a to G) extended over more than 12 degrees of arc as measured in the instrument, and the width of the strip seen by the observer was about 5 minutes of are, so that not more than the Th part of this brighter part of the spectrum was in the field at the same time.
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Authors B. O. Peirce
Journal american journal of science
Year 1883
DOI
10.2475/ajs.s3-26.154.299
URL
https://ajsonline.org/article/65403.pdf
Keywords Keywords not found

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