Observations on the saltwaters of the Alleghany and Keskeminetas valleys

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1862
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Abstract
WITHIN a distance of about 35 miles above the city of Pittsburgh there have been bored, on both sides of the Alleghany and Keskeminetas rivers, more than thirty saltwells, the greater part of which are used for the manufacture of common salt.These valleys belong to the coal period and the strata have a gentle dip to the southwest.There is no rock•salt, and no deposits of gypsum have ever been found in this "district.In boring these wells we pass through sandy shale, fire-clay, limestones, and different kinds of marl and clay-slates, through porous, white and red sandstone in strata of various thickness, and several veins of bituminous coal, from two to seven feet in thickness.One of these sandstones is from 70 to 100 feet in thickness, and is usually found at a depth of from 200 to 250 feet j this rock contains small quantities of carbonate of lime, baryta.and strontia.These mineral waters are, we believe, formed by the percolation of meteoric waters through the superincumbent beds of marls and clays, from which, assisted by the carbonic acid received from the atmosphere, and by pressure, they dissolve saline matters till an impenetrable stratum is reached, where they remain, saturating the porous sandstone and :filling the fissures of the surrounding beds.The wells are from 400 to 1200 feet deep, and from 3 to 3i inches in diameter, and are lined with copper pipes.An examination of many of the brines of the Alleghany and Keskeminetas valleys during a series of years past has convinced Dle that, as respects their chemical constituents, they are among the most interesting cold saline mineral waters, which have as yet been analyzed.Several of these wens yield, besides salt water, a very superior quality of petroleum, which has been introduced into commerce, and for many years used for medical, illuminating, and lub.ricating purposes.They also give off an inflammable gas.These brines are qualitatively all alike, but not in the quantities of their constituents.Their specific gravities are from 1'0175 to 1'098, that is from 21 to 13 degrees of Beaume's hydrometer.The brines of all the saltworks of both valleys, are without exception ~umped by steam power.A yellowish colored sediment, whiCh by de~rees becomes red, is deposited in the spouts, in which the brine 18 carried from the pump to the boiling pan,
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Authors E. Stieren
Journal american journal of science
Year 1862
DOI
10.2475/ajs.s2-34.100.46
URL
https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s2-34.100.46
Keywords Keywords not found

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