Genesis of iron ores by isomorphous and pseudomorphous replacement of limestone, etc.

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Abstract
IT is the object of the present memoir briefly to develop the following proposition, namely, that well recognized products of epigenesis, like siderite and ferro-calcite, in theit• several forms and wide distribution especially on a petrographic scale, are as a rule also products of direct pseudomorphous replacement of isomorphous calcic carbonate, like limestone, calcite, {laIc-sinter, calcareous sediments, calc-schutt, etc.This proposition is not new.But some of the conditions remain un• settled.So also some of the deductions which have been thought, or may seem, to follow.These it is my purpose briefly to discuss.Oontingent to this proposition, it follows _ that secondary or indirect replacement of calcic cal'bonate by ferric hydrate is wrought through alteration of pseudomorphous siderite or ferro-{lalcite, and also, through progressive alteration, by ferric oxide and even magnetic oxide.Hence proxil1Jate derivation from siderite of many occurrences of iron-ores which nevertheless are ultimate products of indirect or prog't'essive pseudomor.phism of calcic carbonate-itself often a product of epigenesis from basic silicates.Such occurrences may therefore be regarded as instances of double pseudomorphism, sometimes on a petrographic scale; that is, pseudomorphism in the first instance by substitution or replacement; in the second instance by alteration.Again, ferric hydrate apparently directly pseudomorphous after limestone is produced by immediate, perhaps spontaneous, oxidation of ferrous carbonate, resulting from interchange or double decomposition between solutions of this salt or ferrous sulphate and calcic carbonate in place.All these permutations proceed from the same reactions, but differ in results according to atmospheric environment-whether oxidizing or not.The instable salt as first separated, it is scarcely necessary to add, is thrown down from solutions either of ferrous carbonate or ferrous sulphate indifferently, in reaction with dissolved calcic (larbonate or other alkaline mono-carbonates.This salt however, it is important early to remark, is the hydrous salt, from which geologists, it seems, are not accustomed to distinguish the anhydrous carbonate which is almost) if not altogether, exclusively its natural form.Other adventitious occurrences of brown and red ferric oxide well recognized as exotic, that is, neither in original
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Authors J. P. Kimball
Journal american journal of science
Year 1891
DOI
10.2475/ajs.s3-42.249.231
URL
https://ajsonline.org/article/63119.pdf
Keywords Keywords not found

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