Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk.

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ID: 303694
1997
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Abstract
Starch is the major energy component of grains. Wheat contains 77% of DM as starch, corn and sorghum contain 72%, and barley and oats contain 57 to 58%. In vitro systems have provided valuable data on kinetic aspects of starch digestion. Molecular biological techniques have provided a clearer picture of the ruminal microbial milieu. Proportions of starch fermented in the rumen can be predicted satisfactorily for a variety of grains and processing methods. Compared with dry rolling, steam processing (flaking or rolling) increases ruminal digestibility of starch (percentage of intake) from 52 to 78% for sorghum, from 75 to 85% for corn, and six percentage units or less for other grains. Recent research provides new insight into pancreatic function and intestinal glucose transport systems. The capacity to digest starch in the intestine ranges from 45 to 85% of starch entering the duodenum, with that capacity apparently limited by the supply of pancreatic amylase. There is evidence that amylase secretion may be enhanced by increasing duodenal entry of protein. Capacity for active transport of glucose across the gut wall does not seem to limit the amount of starch digested that is absorbed as glucose. For ruminants eating medium- to high-concentrate diets, about 30% of their total glucose need comes from glucose absorption, 50% from organic acid absorption (substrates for hepatic gluconeogenesis), and 20% from other sources. When glucose absorption from the gut increases, ruminants generally adjust (decrease) gluconeogenesis to meet their need; that need is directly linked to DE intake. In terms of overall ME yield, grain starch is best used when it is fermented in the rumen. However, close coordination of protein and starch supply to the duodenum may improve capture of starch in the form of glucose.
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openalex_W1536250937 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors G. B. Huntington
Journal italian journal of animal science
Year 1997
DOI
10.2527/1997.753852x
URL
https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.753852x
Keywords Keywords not found

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