Type 1/Type 2 Immunity in Infectious Diseases

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ID: 301087
2001
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Ranked #340 of 531 articles by views in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

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Abstract
T helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes secrete secrete interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, and lymphotoxin-α and stimulate type 1 immunity, which is characterized by intense phagocytic activity. Conversely, Th2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 and stimulate type 2 immunity, which is characterized by high antibody titers. Type 1 and type 2 immunity are not strictly synonymous with cell-mediated and humoral immunity, because Th1 cells also stimulate moderate levels of antibody production, whereas Th2 cells actively suppress phagocytosis. For most infections, save those caused by large eukaryotic pathogens, type 1 immunity is protective, whereas type 2 responses assist with the resolution of cell-mediated inflammation. Severe systemic stress, immunosuppression, or overwhelming microbial inoculation causes the immune system to mount a type 2 response to an infection normally controlled by type 1 immunity. In such cases, administration of antimicrobial chemotherapy and exogenous cytokines restores systemic balance, which allows successful immune responses to clear the infection.
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Authors Brad Spellberg, John E. Edwards
Journal Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Year 2001
DOI
10.1086/317537
URL
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/32/1/76/7800310/32-1-76.pdf
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