The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2021

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ID: 298916
2020
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Abstract
Abstract The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO, https://hpo.jax.org) was launched in 2008 to provide a comprehensive logical standard to describe and computationally analyze phenotypic abnormalities found in human disease. The HPO is now a worldwide standard for phenotype exchange. The HPO has grown steadily since its inception due to considerable contributions from clinical experts and researchers from a diverse range of disciplines. Here, we present recent major extensions of the HPO for neurology, nephrology, immunology, pulmonology, newborn screening, and other areas. For example, the seizure subontology now reflects the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines and these enhancements have already shown clinical validity. We present new efforts to harmonize computational definitions of phenotypic abnormalities across the HPO and multiple phenotype ontologies used for animal models of disease. These efforts will benefit software such as Exomiser by improving the accuracy and scope of cross-species phenotype matching. The computational modeling strategy used by the HPO to define disease entities and phenotypic features and distinguish between them is explained in detail.We also report on recent efforts to translate the HPO into indigenous languages. Finally, we summarize recent advances in the use of HPO in electronic health record systems.
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Authors Sebastian Köhler, Michael Gargano, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Leigh Carmody, David Lewis‐Smith, Nicole Vasilevsky, Daniel Daniš, Ganna Balagura, Gareth Baynam, Amy Brower, Tiffany J Callahan, Christopher G. Chute, Johanna L Est, Peter D. Galer, Shiva Ganesan, Matthias Griese, Matthias Haimel, Júlia Pázmándi, Marc Hanauer, Nomi L. Harris, M. J. Hartnett, Maximilian Hastreiter, Fabian Hauck, Yongqun He, Tim Jeske, Hugh Kearney, Gerhard Kindle, Christoph Klein, Katrin Knoflach, Roland Krause, David Lagorce, Julie A. McMurry, Jillian A. Miller, Monica Muñoz‐Torres, Rebecca L. Peters, Christina Rapp, Ana Rath, Shahmir A Rind, Avi Z. Rosenberg, Michael M. Segal, Markus G. Seidel, Damian Smedley, Tomer Talmy, Yarlalu Thomas, Samuel Agyei Wiafe, Julie Xian, Zafer Yüksel, Ingo Helbig, Chris Mungall, Melissa Haendel, Peter N. Robinson
Journal Nucleic Acids Research
Year 2020
DOI
10.1093/nar/gkaa1043
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1043
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