From soil to gut:Bacillus cereusand its food poisoning toxins

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ID: 296561
2008
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Abstract
Bacillus cereus is widespread in nature and frequently isolated from soil and growing plants, but it is also well adapted for growth in the intestinal tract of insects and mammals. From these habitats it is easily spread to foods, where it may cause an emetic or a diarrhoeal type of food-associated illness that is becoming increasingly important in the industrialized world. The emetic disease is a food intoxication caused by cereulide, a small ring-formed dodecadepsipeptide. Similar to the virulence determinants that distinguish Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis from B. cereus, the genetic determinants of cereulide are plasmid-borne. The diarrhoeal syndrome of B. cereus is an infection caused by vegetative cells, ingested as viable cells or spores, thought to produce protein enterotoxins in the small intestine. Three pore-forming cytotoxins have been associated with diarrhoeal disease: haemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhaemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K. Hbl and Nhe are homologous three-component toxins, which appear to be related to the monooligomeric toxin cytolysin A found in Escherichia coli. This review will focus on the toxins associated with foodborne diseases frequently caused by B. cereus. The disease characteristics are described, and recent findings regarding the associated toxins are discussed, as well as the present knowledge on virulence regulation.
Reference Key
openalex_W2102355366 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Lotte P. Stenfors Arnesen, Annette Fagerlund, Per Einar Granum
Journal FEMS microbiology reviews
Year 2008
DOI
10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00112.x
URL
https://academic.oup.com/femsre/article-pdf/32/4/579/18141572/32-4-579.pdf
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