A systematic review of gold extraction: Fundamentals, advancements, and challenges toward alternative lixiviants.

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ID: 276091
2022
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Abstract
Since the birth of cyanidation, it has been dominant in the gold extraction industry. Recently, with the increasing awareness of environmental hazards and potential risks posed by the severe toxicity of cyanide, attempts to seek alternative lixiviants have arisen. Over the past three decades, a significant amount of literature has examined alternative lixiviants to cyanide for recovering gold, while few industrial applications have been reported due to various obstacles, such as toxicity, excessive consumption, or low leaching efficiency. These obstacles are progressively overcome in multiple ways, including process improvement, system optimization, use of co-intensifying systems, and development of additives. In this paper, related studies about alternative lixiviants and methods such as cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea, thiocyanate, polysulfides, halides, and microbial leaching are summarized. The history, fundamentals, advancements, and challenges of alternative lixiviants are fully concluded to provide a reference for cleaner gold production. In addition, the comprehensive performance of lixiviants was evaluated according to a novel evaluation criterion proposed in terms of economy, efficiency, and environment.
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liu2022ajournal Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Liu, Zuo-Wei;Guo, Xue-Yi;Tian, Qing-Hua;Zhang, Lei;
Journal Journal of hazardous materials
Year 2022
DOI
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129778
URL
Keywords
leaching cleaner production alternative lixiviants cyanidation gold hydrometallurgy

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