Food groups associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a Mendelian randomization and disease severity study

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ID: 271239
2021
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Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are prevalent diseases. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the link between diet and IMIDs, how much dietary patterns vary between them and if there are food groups associated with a worsening of the disease. To answer these questions we analyzed a nation-wide cohort of n = 11,308 patients from six prevalent IMIDs and 2050 healthy controls. We compared their weekly intake of the major food categories, and used a Mendelian randomization approach to determine which dietary changes are caused by disease. Within each IMID, we analyzed the association between food frequency and disease severity. After quality control, n = 11,230 recruited individuals were used in this study. We found that diet is profoundly altered in all IMIDs: at least three food categories are significantly altered in each disease (P < 0.05). Inflammatory bowel diseases showed the largest differences compared to controls (n ≥ 8 categories, P < 0.05). Mendelian randomization analysis supported that some of these dietary changes, like vegetable reduction in Crohn’s Disease (P = 2.5 × 10−10, OR(95% CI) = 0.73(0.65, 0.80)), are caused by the disease. Except for Psoriatic Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, we have found ≥2 food groups significantly associated with disease severity in the other IMIDs (P < 0.05). This cross-disease study demonstrates that prevalent IMIDs are associated to a significant change in the normal dietary patterns. This variation is highly disease-specific and, in some cases, it is caused by the disease itself. Severity in IMIDs is also associated with specific food groups. The results of this study underscore the importance of studying diet in IMIDs.
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Authors Antonio Julià,Sergio H. Martínez-Mateu,Eugeni Domènech,Juan D. Cañete,Carlos Ferrándiz,Jesús Tornero,Javier P. Gisbert,Antonio Fernández-Nebro,Esteban Daudén,Manuel Barreiro-De Acosta,Carolina Pérez,Rubén Queiró,Francisco Javier López-Longo,José Luís Sánchez Carazo,Juan Luís Mendoza,Mercedes Alpéri,Carlos Montilla,José Javier Pérez Venegas,Fernando Muñoz,Santos Castañeda,Adrià Aterido,María López Lasanta,Sara Marsal,Eduardo Fonseca,Jesús Rodríguez,Patricia Carreira,Valle García,José A. Pinto-Tasende,Lluís Puig,Elena Ricart,Francisco Blanco,Jordi Gratacós,Ricardo Blanco,Víctor Martínez Taboada,Emilia Fernández,Pablo Unamuno,Isidoro González,Fernando Gomollón García,Raimon Sanmartí,Ana Gutiérrez,Àlex Olivé,José Luís López Estebaranz,Esther García-Planella,Juan Carlos Torre-Alonso,José Luis Andreu,David Moreno Ramírez,Benjamín Fernández,Mª Ángeles Aguirre Zamorano,Pablo de la Cueva,Pilar Nos Mateu,Paloma Vela,Francisco Vanaclocha,Héctor Coromines,Santiago Muñoz,Joan Miquel Nolla,Enrique Herrera,Carlos González,José Luis Marenco de la Fuente,Maribel Vera,Alba Erra,Daniel Roig,Antonio Zea,María Esteve Comas,Carles Tomàs,Pedro Zarco,José María Pego,Cristina Saro,Antonio González,Mercedes Freire,Alicia García,Elvira Díez,Georgina Salvador,César Díaz,Simón Sánchez,Alfredo Willisch Dominguez,José Antonio Mosquera,Julio Ramírez,Esther Rodríguez Almaraz,Núria Palau,Raül Tortosa,Mireia López,Andrea Pluma,for the IMID Consortium;Antonio Julià;Sergio H. Martínez-Mateu;Eugeni Domènech;Juan D. Cañete;Carlos Ferrándiz;Jesús Tornero;Javier P. Gisbert;Antonio Fernández-Nebro;Esteban Daudén;Manuel Barreiro-De Acosta;Carolina Pérez;Rubén Queiró;Francisco Javier López-Longo;José Luís Sánchez Carazo;Juan Luís Mendoza;Mercedes Alpéri;Carlos Montilla;José Javier Pérez Venegas;Fernando Muñoz;Santos Castañeda;Adrià Aterido;María López Lasanta;Sara Marsal;Eduardo Fonseca;Jesús Rodríguez;Patricia Carreira;Valle García;José A. Pinto-Tasende;Lluís Puig;Elena Ricart;Francisco Blanco;Jordi Gratacós;Ricardo Blanco;Víctor Martínez Taboada;Emilia Fernández;Pablo Unamuno;Isidoro González;Fernando Gomollón García;Raimon Sanmartí;Ana Gutiérrez;Àlex Olivé;José Luís López Estebaranz;Esther García-Planella;Juan Carlos Torre-Alonso;José Luis Andreu;David Moreno Ramírez;Benjamín Fernández;Mª Ángeles Aguirre Zamorano;Pablo de la Cueva;Pilar Nos Mateu;Paloma Vela;Francisco Vanaclocha;Héctor Coromines;Santiago Muñoz;Joan Miquel Nolla;Enrique Herrera;Carlos González;José Luis Marenco de la Fuente;Maribel Vera;Alba Erra;Daniel Roig;Antonio Zea;María Esteve Comas;Carles Tomàs;Pedro Zarco;José María Pego;Cristina Saro;Antonio González;Mercedes Freire;Alicia García;Elvira Díez;Georgina Salvador;César Díaz;Simón Sánchez;Alfredo Willisch Dominguez;José Antonio Mosquera;Julio Ramírez;Esther Rodríguez Almaraz;Núria Palau;Raül Tortosa;Mireia López;Andrea Pluma;for the IMID Consortium;
Journal European journal of clinical nutrition
Year 2021
DOI
10.1038/s41430-021-00913-6
URL
https://sciprofiles.com/publication/view/f0a2bb4f2aa0744d7cc31f8da6ecf136
Keywords
Epidemiology Autoimmune Diseases nutrition public health internal medicine metabolic diseases general clinical nutrition medicine/public health

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