Characterization of CuZnSnS Particles Obtained by the Hot-Injection Method.

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ID: 263628
2020
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Abstract
In the last decade, CuZnSnS (CZTS) has been a promising earth-abundant, nontoxic candidate material for absorption layers within thin-film solar cells. One major issue preventing this type of solar cells from achieving competitive efficiency is impurity phases and structural defects in the bulk of the absorber; as a four-element compound, the formation of CZTS is highly sensitive to synthesis conditions. The impurity phases and defects differ by the fabrication method, and thus experimental characterization is vital for the successful development of CZTS photovoltaics. In this work, we characterize CZTS nanoparticles obtained by the hot-injection method and a standard N/S annealing procedure. Phase-pure kesterite CZTS samples in the desired compositional range were characterized by standard means, i.e., Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. However, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, we show that the as-synthesized nanoparticles consist of a mixture of the tetragonal and the fully disordered cubic sphalerite phase and transform into the tetragonal structure after heat treatment. Sn vacancies are seen in the annealed samples. X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function analysis furthermore suggests the presence of a nanostructured CZTS phase along with a bulk material. Finally, this study compares the benefits of applying synchrotron radiation instead of a standard laboratory X-ray diffraction when characterizing highly complex materials.
Reference Key
engberg2020characterizationacs Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Engberg, Sara;Symonowicz, Joanna;Schou, Jørgen;Canulescu, Stela;Jensen, Kirsten M Ø;
Journal ACS omega
Year 2020
DOI
10.1021/acsomega.0c00657
URL
Keywords
quantum mechanics energy band gap potential models quantum well schrodinger equation supersymmetry

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