perdas de nutrientes via subsuperfície em colunas de solo sob fertilização mineral e orgânica nutrient losses via leaching from soil columns submitted to mineral and organic fertilization

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ID: 259563
2009
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Abstract
O uso de dejetos de animais na produção agrícola pode ocasionar a contaminação ou poluição das águas por nutrientes, principalmente com aplicações consecutivas na mesma área. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de dejeto líquido de bovinos e fertilizantes minerais na lixiviação de NH4+, NO3-, P e K. Para essa avaliação, foram coletadas colunas indeformadas de solo, num experimento de campo que estava sendo conduzido por sete anos consecutivos e que continha 12 tratamentos, resultantes da combinação de quatro doses de dejeto líquido de bovinos com três doses de fertilizante mineral. O experimento de campo era conduzido num Latossolo Bruno distrófico em sistema de plantio direto com sorgo, milho, aveia-preta e azevém em rotação. Em laboratório, essas colunas, de acordo com os respectivos tratamentos de campo, foram submetidas à aplicação do dejeto líquido de bovinos (0, 30, 60 e 90 m³ ha-¹, aplicados em dose única) e dos fertilizantes minerais (0, 50 e 100 % da dose recomendada para o milho - 120, 60 e 60 kg ha-1 de N, P2O5 e K2O). Imediatamente após a aplicação de dejeto e fertilizante, a água percolada por coluna foi coletada e analisada em cinco turnos contínuos, totalizando 516 mm - aproximadamente três volumes de poros. Constatou-se aumento nas concentrações de N-NH4+, P e K com as doses de dejeto e aumento de N-NO3- e K com as doses de fertilizante mineral. No entanto, com exceção do N-NO3-, as concentrações de N-NH4+ e P estiveram abaixo do limite máximo permitido pela legislação brasileira, indicando a importância da infiltração de água no solo na redução do potencial poluidor dos dejetos.
The use of animal manure in agricultural systems can cause water contamination and/or pollution by nutrients, especially by consecutive applications to the same area. In view thereof, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure and fertilizer application on NH4+, NO3-, P and K leaching. For this evaluation, undisturbed soil columns were collected from a seven-year field experiment that consisted of 12 treatments, resulting from the combinations of four doses of dairy slurry with three doses of mineral fertilizers. The study has been conducted on an Oxisol under no-till system with a crop rotation including sorghum, corn, oat and ryegrass. The leaching experiment was conducted in a laboratory with the undisturbed soil columns collected in the field experiment. In the laboratory, these soil columns, analogously to the respective field treatments, were treated with dairy slurry manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 m³ ha-¹ applied in a single dose) and mineral fertilizers (0, 50 and 100 % of the recommended dose for corn - 120 kg of N, 60 kg of P2O5 and 60 kg of K2O per ha) application. Immediately after manure and fertilizer application, the percolated water was sampled and analyzed in five continuous periods, totalling 516 mm, which corresponded to approximately three pore volumes. An increase of NH4-N, P, and K with increasing manure doses and an increment in NO3-N and K with the higher mineral fertilizer doses was observed. However, in general, except for NO3-N, the NH4-N and P concentrations were below the limit value determined by the Brazilian legislation, indicating the importance of soil-water infiltration to reduce the manure pollution potential.
Referenzschlüssel
piovesan2009revistaperdas Verwenden Sie diesen Schlüssel zum automatischen Zitieren im Manuskript bei Verwendung von SciMatic Manuscript Manager oder Thesis Manager
Autoren Ricardo Prado Piovesan, Nerilde Favaretto, Volnei Pauletti, Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta, Carlos Bruno Reissmann
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Zeitschrift Revista de saude publica
Jahr 2009
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832009000400002
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832009000400002
Schlüsselwörter
nitrate ammonium phosphorus leaching potassium p water qualityagriculture (general) qualidade da água dairy slurry manure

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