efeitos de sistemas de produção de grãos envolvendo pastagens sob plantio direto nos atributos físicos de solo e na produtividade effects of grain production systems including pastures under no-tillage on soil physical properties and yield

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2004
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Abstract
A integração da lavoura com a pecuária altera a estrutura do solo, que, por sua vez, interfere nas características físicas na camada superficial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos de solo e o rendimento de grãos num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, em Passo Fundo (RS), oito anos após o estabelecimento (1993 a 2000) de sistemas de produção com culturas produtoras de grãos e forrageiras sob pastejo: (I) trigo/soja, aveia branca/soja e ervilhaca/milho; (II) trigo/soja, aveia branca/soja e pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca/milho; (III) pastagens perenes da estação fria (festuca + trevo branco + trevo vermelho + cornichão); (IV) pastagens perenes da estação quente (pensacola + aveia preta + azevém + trevo branco + trevo vermelho + cornichão), e (V) alfafa para feno, tratamento adicional acrescentado em 1994, com repetições em áreas contíguas ao experimento. As áreas sob os sistemas III, IV e V retornaram ao sistema I a partir do verão de 1996. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Amostras de solo também foram coletadas em fragmento de floresta subtropical ao lado do experimento, como testemunha da condição original do solo. A densidade do solo mostrou-se maior na camada subsuperficial (10-15 cm) do que na camada superficial (0-5 cm), enquanto para os valores de porosidade total e de macroporosidade ocorreu o inverso. Nos sistemas I, II, III e IV, foram observados maiores valores de densidade do solo e menores de porosidade total e macroporosidade na camada superficial, enquanto, no sistema V e em floresta subtropical, foram encontrados menores valores de densidade e maiores de porosidade total e de macroporosidade. Não houve diferenças entre os atributos físicos para sistemas com e sem integração lavoura-pecuária. Não foram verificadas correlações significativas entre rendimento de culturas e atributos físicos de solo, exceto para macroporosidade do solo na cultura de soja na camada de 0-5 cm.
Ley forming modifier soil structure, which, in turn, effects soil physical characteristics in the upper layer. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical attributes and grain yield in a typical dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox) located in Passo Fundo county (RS), Brazil, after eight years of mixed production cultivation (1993 to 2000). The effects of production systems integrating grain production with winter annual and perennial pastures under no-tillage were assessed. Four mixed production systems were evaluated: system I (wheat/soybean, white oat/soybean, and common vetch/corn); system II (wheat/soybean, white oat/soybean, and grazed black oat + grazed common vetch/corn); system III [perennial cool season pastures (fescue + white clover + red clover + birdsfoot trefoil)]; and system IV [perennial warm season pastures (bahiagrass + black oat + rye grass + white clover + red clover + birdsfoot trefoil)]. System V (alfalfa as hay crop) was established in an adjacent area in 1994. The areas under systems III, IV, and V returned to system I after the 1996 summer. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. As a control, physical soil parameter were evaluated in samples of a subtropical forest fragment adjacent to the experiment. Soil bulk density values were lower in the top layer (0-5 cm) than in the deeper layer (10-15 cm), while the reverse was observed for the total porosity and macroporosity. Systems I, II, III, and IV showed higher bulk density values and lower total porosity and macroporosity values in the surface layer (0-5 cm). System V and subtropical forest presented low bulk density and high total porosity and macroporosity values compared to the other treatments. It was observed no differences between physical attributes of integrated and non-integrated crop and livestock systems. No significant correlation was verified between crop yields and physical soil attributes, with exception of the soil macroporosity under soybean in the 0-5 cm layer.
Reference Key
spera2004revistaefeitos Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;S. T. Spera;H. P. Santos;R. S. Fontaneli;G. O. Tomm
Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2004
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832004000300014
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832004000300014
Keywords
crop rotation total porosityagriculture (general)

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