nitrate and ammonium in soil solution in tobacco management systems nitrato e amônio na solução do solo em sistemas de manejo para cultura do fumo

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ID: 252078
2010
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Abstract
Tobacco farmers of southern Brazil use high levels of fertilizers, without considering soil and environmental attributes, posing great risk to water resources degradation. The objective of this study was to monitor nitrate and ammonium concentrations in the soil solution of an Entisol in and below the root zone of tobacco under conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). The study was conducted in the small-watershed Arroio Lino, in Agudo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A base fertilization of 850 kg ha-1 of 10-18-24 and topdressing of 400 kg ha-1 of 14-0-14 NPK fertilizer were applied. The soil solution was sampled during the crop cycle with a tension lysimeter equipped with a porous ceramic cup. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations were analyzed by the distillation and titration method. Nitrate concentrations, ranging from 8 to 226 mg L-1, were highest after initial fertilization and decreased during the crop cycle. The average nitrate (N-NO3-) concentration in the root zone was 75 in NT, 95 in MT, and 49 mg L-1 in CT. Below the root zone, the average nitrate concentration was 58 under NT, 108 under MT and 36 mg L-1 under CT. The nitrate and ammonium concentrations did not differ significantly in the management systems. However, the nitrate concentrations measured represent a contamination risk to groundwater of the watershed. The ammonium concentration (N-NH4+) decreased over time in all management systems, possibly as a result of the nitrification process and root uptake of part of the ammonium by the growing plants.
Os fumicultores do sul do Brasil seguem pacotes tecnológicos que impõem o uso de altas doses de fertilizantes, sem considerar os atributos do solo e do ambiente, representando grande risco para a degradação dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar as concentrações de nitrato e de amônio na solução do solo da região do sistema radicular e abaixo deste, em Neossolo Litólico cultivado com fumo sob preparo convencional (PC), cultivo mínimo (CM) e plantio direto (PD). O estudo foi conduzido na microbacia hidrográfica do Arroio Lino, localizada no município de Agudo - RS. A adubação de base foi de 850 kg ha-1 de 10-18-24, e a adubação de cobertura, 400 kg ha-1 de 14-0-14. A coleta da solução do solo foi com lisímetros de tensão durante o ciclo da cultura. A concentração de amônio e de nitrato foi analisada pelo método da destilação e titulação. As concentrações de nitrato, que variaram de 8 a 226 mg L-1, foram maiores após a adubação de base e decresceram ao longo do ciclo. As concentrações médias de nitrato (N -NO3-) na zona radicular foram de 75 no PD, 95 no CM e 49 mg L-1 no PC. Abaixo das raízes, as concentrações médias de nitrato foram de 58 no PD, 108 no CM e 36 mg L-1-no PC. Não houve diferença estatística significativa na concentração de nitrato e amônio nos sistemas de manejo. Entretanto, as concentrações de nitrato encontrados representam um risco potencial para contaminação da água subsuperficial das fontes da mibrobacia em estudo. A concentração de amônio (N-NH4+) decresceu no tempo em todos os sistemas de manejo. Essa redução pode ter decorrido do processo de nitrificação e da absorção de parte do amônio pelas raízes das plantas em crescimento.
Reference Key
kaiser2010revistanitrate Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Douglas Rodrigo Kaiser;Dalvan José Reinert;José Miguel Reichert;Carlos Arnoldo Streck;André Pellegrini
Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2010
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832010000200011
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832010000200011
Keywords
nitrate leaching tension lysimeteragriculture (general)

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