dificuldades encontradas por médicos e enfermeiros na abordagem de problemas alimentares difficulties found by physicians and nurses in approaching eating problems

Clicks: 275
ID: 248402
1999
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Abstract
A alta prevalência de doenças crônicas exige que profissionais de saúde estejam preparados para orientar os pacientes em relação aos fatores de risco, entre os quais, a alimentação. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por finalidade identificar dificuldades nesta abordagem. A pesquisa envolveu oito médicos e nove enfermeiros. Empregou-se o método da pesquisa-ação, que envolve prestação de serviço, observação sistemática, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e retorno aos sujeitos pesquisados da elaboração teórica feita pelo pesquisador. A técnica de análise foi qualitativa, fundamentada na sociologia do conhecimento. As dificuldades identificadas foram: falta de embasamento teórico adequado à análise de problemas alimentares, falta de critérios para identificá-los, falta de parâmetros para discernir problemas alimentares de problemas econômicos, desconhecimento de técnicas para abordar problemas alimentares, percepção do problema alimentar como facticidade, necessidade de trabalhar com dietas padronizadas, conflitos entre conhecimento teórico e prática vivencial e desconhecimento do papel do nutricionista. As conclusões remetem à necessidade de envidar esforços no sentido de aprimorar o ensino de nutrição nos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem, desenvolver métodos que permitam aos alunos problematizar questões alimentares, desenvolver pesquisas na área de educação nutricional aprimorando os métodos de orientação e esclarecer os profissionais de saúde acerca do papel do nutricionista na educação nutricional de pacientes, criando condições ao trabalho interdisciplinar. Considerando o papel primordial da nutrição na promoção, manutenção e recuperação da saúde, é fundamental que haja preparo adequado dos profissionais de saúde em relação ao assunto.
The high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases requires the health professionals to be able to guide patients about risk factors, among them, eating. The paper presents the results of a research that aimed to identify difficulties in this approach. The research involved eight physicians and nine nurses. Action-research method was used. The method involves service rendered, systematic observation, semi-structured interviews and return of the researcher's elaborated theory to the subjects. The technique employed was qualitative, based on the sociology of knowledge. The difficulties identified were: lack of theorical basis to analyze eating problems, lack of criteria to identify them, lack of parameters to distinguish eating problems from economic problems, lack of technical knowledge to approach eating problems, consideration of eating problems as immutable facts, necessity of working with standardized diets, conflicts between theoretical knowledge and routine habits and lack of knowledge of the nutritionist's role. The conclusion reminds the necessity of endeavoring efforts to improve nutrition teaching in medical and nursing courses, to develop methods that will allow the students to question eating facts, to develop researches in nutrition education field by improvement of teaching methods and to elucidate health professionals about the nutritionist's role in patient's nutrition education, creating conditions to interdisciplinary work. Considering the primary role of nutrition in health promotion, maintenance and recovery, it is essential to develop adequate learning adressed to health professionals about these subjects.
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Authors ;Maria Cristina Faber Boog
Journal statistics
Year 1999
DOI
10.1590/S1415-52731999000300006
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-52731999000300006
Keywords
patient education nutrition nutrition education foods and food supply nutrição diet therapynutrition

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