phylogenetic comparison of the a genome using karyotype analysis in some triticum species

The Karyotype analysis was performed on 46 wheat accessions belonging to five species (Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, T. durum, T. turgidum and T. aestivum) and two subspecies (T. boeoticum subsp. thaodar and T. boeoticum subsp. boeoticum) carrying A genome. All chromosomal sizes were measured with computer-aided program Micro Measure 3.3. Software. RL, TCL, MCL, arm ratio, centromeric index, TF%, mean of long and short arms, AsI%, S%, DRL, A1, A2 and karyotype formula were calculated for each chromosome. All the accessions were placed in 1A category of stebbines asymmetry categories. The scatter diagram based on A1 and A2 constructed three groups of karyotype asymmetry in the accessions studied: 1- T. aestivum with the highest asymmetrical karyotype, 2- T. monococcum, T. boeoticum subsp. thaodar and T. boeoticum subsp. boeoticum with the lowest asymmetrical karyotype and 3- T. urartu, T. turgidum and T. durum being with an intermediate between the two previous groups. T. monococcum based on the A1 and A2 index (asymmetric index) had the oldest and the most primitive karyotype among diploid species. According to the results, it might be suggested that T. durum is more primitive than T. turgidum and T. monococcum could be considered as a donor of A genome to T. durum and T. aestivum.