th17 cell and epithelial cell crosstalk during inflammatory bowel disease and carcinogenesis

炎症性肠病与癌变过程中Th17细胞与上皮细胞的串扰

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ID: 232738
2017
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Abstract
The intestine is colonized by hundreds of different species of commensal bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, the intestinal immune system is constantly being challenged by foreign antigens. The immune system, the commensal microbiota, and the intestinal epithelial surface have to maintain a tight balance to guarantee defense against potential pathogens and to prevent chronic inflammatory conditions at the same time. Failure of these mechanisms can lead to a vicious cycle in which a perpetual tissue damage/repair process results in a pathological reorganization of the normal mucosal surface. This dysregulation of the intestine is considered to be one of the underlying causes for both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. TH17 cells have been associated with immune-mediated diseases, such as IBD, since their discovery in 2005. Upon mucosal damage, these cells are induced by a combination of different cytokines, such as IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-1β. TH17 cells are crucial players in the defense against extracellular pathogens and have various mechanisms to fulfill their function. They can activate and attract phagocytic cells. Additionally, TH17 cells can induce the release of anti-microbial peptides from non-immune cells, such as epithelial cells. The flip side of the coin is the strong potential of TH17 cells to be pro-inflammatory and promote pathogenicity. TH17 cells have been linked to both mucosal regeneration and inflammation. In turn, these cells and their cytokines emerged as potential therapeutic targets both for inflammatory diseases and cancer. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the TH17 cell-enterocyte crosstalk and give an overview of its clinical implications.
肠道内定植着数百种不同的共生细菌、病毒和真菌。因此，肠道免疫系统持续面临着外源抗原的挑战。免疫系统、共生微生物群与肠上皮表面之间必须维持严密的平衡，以在确保抵御潜在病原体的同时，避免慢性炎症状态的发生。这些机制的失常可导致恶性循环，其中持续的组织损伤/修复过程会导致正常黏膜表面发生病理性重构。这种肠道稳态失调被认为是炎症性肠病（IBD）和结直肠癌的潜在诱因之一。自2005年被发现以来，TH17细胞就与包括IBD在内的免疫介导性疾病密切相关。在黏膜受损时，这些细胞可由多种不同的细胞因子（如IL-6、TGF-β和IL-1β）联合诱导产生。TH17细胞是抵御细胞外病原体的关键参与者，并具有多种机制来发挥其功能。它们能够激活并招募吞噬细胞；此外，TH17细胞还能诱导非免疫细胞（如上皮细胞）释放抗菌肽。然而，硬币的另一面是TH17细胞具有强烈的促炎潜力并可促进疾病发生发展。TH17细胞兼具促进黏膜再生与介导炎症的双重作用。反过来，这些细胞及其细胞因子也已成为炎症性疾病和癌症的潜在治疗靶点。本综述将总结当前关于TH17细胞与肠上皮细胞相互作用（crosstalk）的研究进展，并概述其临床意义。
Reference Key
kempski2017frontiersth17 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Jan Kempski;Leonie Brockmann;Nicola Gagliani;Nicola Gagliani;Nicola Gagliani;Samuel Huber
Journal sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
Year 2017
DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01373
URL
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01373/full
Keywords
colorectal cancer inflammatory bowel diseases th17 cells allergy cytokinesimmunologic diseases

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