bases teóricas e experimentais de fatores relacionados com a disponibilidade de potássio do solo às plantas usando trigo como referência theoretical and experimental bases of factors related to soil potassium availability to plants using wheat as reference

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ID: 232059
2007
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Abstract
O grau de disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo para as plantas é um dos principais fatores que determinam a capacidade produtiva das culturas. Modelos matemáticos têm sido propostos para simular o fluxo de nutrientes para raízes, levando em consideração diversos parâmetros físicos e químicos do solo e fatores anatômicos e fisiológicos da raiz. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se estabelecer uma relação entre o modelo teórico de difusão de Baldwin e os resultados experimentais de campo, envolvendo a resposta da cultura do trigo à aplicação de K ao solo. Com base em simulações com o modelo teórico, constatou-se que solos com poder-tampão de K 3,6 vezes maior proporcionariam absorção de K pelas raízes três vezes menor. Um modelo empírico derivado de três experimentos de campo com trigo indicou interação significativa entre os seguintes fatores: rendimento de grãos de trigo, teor de argila, dose de K aplicada e teor de K no solo. Quanto maior o teor de argila do solo, maior foi a dose de K2O necessária para atingir certo rendimento de trigo. O modelo indicou que cada 10 % a mais de argila aumenta a demanda de aplicação de K2O em 8 a 9 kg ha-1. Quando o teor de K no solo foi superior a 40 mg dm-3, houve tendência de a dose de K a ser aplicada decrescer gradualmente, podendo essa concentração ser definida como nível mínimo para o desenvolvimento de trigo nos solos estudados. Essas constatações permitem inferir que o teor de argila, ou outro fator a ela relacionado, como o poder-tampão ou a capacidade de troca de cátions, poderia ser incorporado em sistemas de recomendação de K, visto que esses fatores têm relação com as variáveis do modelo de difusão de Baldwin.
The degree of soil nutrient availability to plants is one of the major factors determining crop production. Mathematical models have been proposed to simulate nutrient flux toward roots, taking into account several physical and chemical soil parameters as well as anatomical and physiological root traits. The objective of this paper was to establish a relationship between Baldwin's theoretical diffusion model and experimental field data involving the response of wheat to K fertilization. Based on simulations with the theoretical model, it was observed that soils with a 3.6 times higher K buffer power would result in 3 times lower K root absorption. An empirical model derived from three wheat field experiments indicated significant interaction among the following factors: grain yield, soil clay content, applied K rate, and soil K content. The higher the clay content, the greater the K rate necessary for a given wheat yield. The model indicated that for every 10 % more clay the K2O demand would increase by 8 to 9 kg ha-1. When the soil K content was above 40 mg dm-3 there was a tendency to gradually decrease the amount of K to be applied for any soil clay content, indicating that the minimum K level for wheat development for the studied soils was about this concentration. These observations may imply that soil clay content, or any other soil factor related to it, such as the soil K buffer power or cation exchange capacity, could be incorporated into K fertilizer recommendation, once these factors present a relationship with Baldwin's diffusion model variables.
Reference Key
wiethlter2007revistabases Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Sirio Wiethölter
Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2007
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832007000500018
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832007000500018
Keywords
Soil wheat clay potassium solo potássio

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