bases experimentais da utilização da cardiomioplastia no tratamento da insuficiência miocárdica experimental basis of cardiomyoplasty utilization in the treatment of myocardial insufficiency
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1988
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Abstract
A cardiomioplastia é uma técnica que utiliza enxertos musculares esqueléticos, estimulados síncronamente ao coração, para substituir, ou envolver o miocárdio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características contrateis e a resistência à fadiga do músculo grande dorsal normal e estimulado cronicamente, bem como avaliar a eficiência da cardiomioplastia como método de suporte circulatório. Treze cães foram estudados, após condicionamento elétrico do músculo grande dorsal esquerdo, por período de 6 semanas. Sete deles foram submetidos a medida isométrica da força exercida pelos músculos condicionados e pelos controles contralaterais e a estudo morfológico. Os parâmetros ideais de estimulação foram semelhantes para os músculos normais e os condicionados. Os músculos condicionados, constituídos, predominantemente, de fibras de ação lenta, apresentaram uma força de amplitude menor (-27%) e um tempo de contração mais longo (+32%). Por outro lado, as curvas de fadiga dos músculos normais, constituídos de fibras mistas, mostraram a queda inicial da força de contração e valores estáveis, após 30 minutos, inversamente proporcionais à freqüência das contrações, resultando em um mesmo índice tensão-tempo (18 ± 2 kgF. seg/min). Já os músculos condicionados apresentaram um desempenho estável nas mesmas freqüências, mantendo um índice tensão-tempo elevado (68 ± 6 kgF. reg/min). Os outros 6 animais foram submetidos a cardiomioplastia, sendo estudados hemodinâmica e ecocardiograficamente, após a indução de disfunção miocárdica. Com a estimulação síncrona do músculo esquelético, observou-se a elevação do índice cardíaco em 36 ± 4% (p<0,01), associada a queda da pressão capilar pulmonar. O aumento da fração de ejeção foi documentado (51 ± 3%), inclusive quando o enxerto foi colocado apenas sobre o ventrículo esquerdo (p < 0,01). Em conclusão: 1) os músculos esqueléticos são capazes de manter atividade semelhante ao trabalho cardíaco, com um desempenho que depende de sua capacidade aeróbica; 2) a estimulação crônica leva à transformação adaptativa das fibras musculares, aumentando a sua capacidade de trabalho aeróbico; 3) a cardiomioplastia pode ser um método alternativo, no tratamento da insuficiência miocárdica, mesmo quando é possível apenas o envolvimento parcial do coração pelo enxerto.
Beneficial effects of cardiomyoplasty have been documented and the use of this technique in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy have been suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contracting and fatigue characteristics of normal and conditioned Latissimus Dorsi and the effectiveness of stimulated preconditioned skeletal muscle flaps wrapped around the heart to restore ventricular contractility in presence of myocardial dysfunction. Thirteen adult mongrel dogs were studied after burst stimulation of left Latissimus Dosi for six to eight weeks. In seven animals, conditioned muscles were compared with unconditioned contralateral controls by isometric force development. Normal and transformed muscles exhibited the same optimum pacing parameters (burst frequencies from 5o Hz up, train duration from 150 ms up). Conditioned muscles showed a smaller force (-27%) and a longer contraction time (+32%). Fatigue curves of unconditioned muscles under different duty cycles showed marked initial decrease and inversely proportional stable values of force after some minutes with equal final tension time indexes (18 ± 2 KgF. seg/min). Conditioned Latissimus Dorsi maintained stable force during prolonged stimulation under same conditions with a greater tension time index (68 ± 6 KgF. seg/min). The other six animals were submited to cardiomyoplasty; hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluation were performed after induction of myocardial dysfunction by betablockers administration and volume loading. With synchronous pulse train stimulation increases of cardiac index by an average of 36 ± 4% (p<0.01) were observed, associated with a decrease of pulmonary wedge pressure. Ejection fraction augmentation of 51 ± 3% above the control was also documented in same conditions (p<0.01), even when muscle flap was wrapped only around the left ventricle. In conclusion, this study reveals that skeletal muscles are capable to maintain steady-state work similarly to the myocardium with a power dependent of their aerobic capacity. It also suggests the occurrency of muscle adaptive transformation, increasing its steady-state work capacity, with chronic pulse train stimulation. In addition, cardiomyoplasty may be an alternative method of treatment for irreversible cardiomyopathy, including when muscle flap may wrapp only partially the heart.
Beneficial effects of cardiomyoplasty have been documented and the use of this technique in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy have been suggested. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contracting and fatigue characteristics of normal and conditioned Latissimus Dorsi and the effectiveness of stimulated preconditioned skeletal muscle flaps wrapped around the heart to restore ventricular contractility in presence of myocardial dysfunction. Thirteen adult mongrel dogs were studied after burst stimulation of left Latissimus Dosi for six to eight weeks. In seven animals, conditioned muscles were compared with unconditioned contralateral controls by isometric force development. Normal and transformed muscles exhibited the same optimum pacing parameters (burst frequencies from 5o Hz up, train duration from 150 ms up). Conditioned muscles showed a smaller force (-27%) and a longer contraction time (+32%). Fatigue curves of unconditioned muscles under different duty cycles showed marked initial decrease and inversely proportional stable values of force after some minutes with equal final tension time indexes (18 ± 2 KgF. seg/min). Conditioned Latissimus Dorsi maintained stable force during prolonged stimulation under same conditions with a greater tension time index (68 ± 6 KgF. seg/min). The other six animals were submited to cardiomyoplasty; hemodynamic and echocardiographic evaluation were performed after induction of myocardial dysfunction by betablockers administration and volume loading. With synchronous pulse train stimulation increases of cardiac index by an average of 36 ± 4% (p<0.01) were observed, associated with a decrease of pulmonary wedge pressure. Ejection fraction augmentation of 51 ± 3% above the control was also documented in same conditions (p<0.01), even when muscle flap was wrapped only around the left ventricle. In conclusion, this study reveals that skeletal muscles are capable to maintain steady-state work similarly to the myocardium with a power dependent of their aerobic capacity. It also suggests the occurrency of muscle adaptive transformation, increasing its steady-state work capacity, with chronic pulse train stimulation. In addition, cardiomyoplasty may be an alternative method of treatment for irreversible cardiomyopathy, including when muscle flap may wrapp only partially the heart.
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| Journal | 2017 international conference on information technology systems and innovation, icitsi 2017 - proceedings |
| Year | 1988 |
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10.1590/S0102-76381988000100002
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