análisis de género de las percepciones y actitudes de los y las profesionales de atención primaria ante el cuidado informal gender analysis of primary care professionals' perceptions and attitudes to informal care

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ID: 222136
2010
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Abstract
Objetivos: Analizar, con un enfoque de género, las percepciones y actitudes de los y las profesionales de atención primaria ante el cuidado informal. Métodos: Diseño cualitativo con entrevistas individuales y grupo de discusión. Mediante muestreo intencional se seleccionaron 18 profesionales de atención primaria (Distrito Sanitario de Granada). Se realizó un análisis de contenido con las categorías: a) percepciones: conceptos de dependencia y cuidado informal, roles de género e impacto en salud; b) actitudes: conservadora, actitud hacia el cambio y derecho a no cuidar. Resultados: Los profesionales y las destacaron el carácter profano, gratuito y con gran componente afectivo del cuidado informal; otorgaron a la familia, especialmente a las mujeres, la principal responsabilidad de cuidar, y recurrieron a estereotipos para diferenciar el cuidado dispensado por hombres y mujeres. Reconocieron que las mujeres presentan una mayor sobrecarga psicológica, principalmente por cuidar en solitario en mayor medida que los hombres. Emergieron tres actitudes ante el cuidado informal: ausencia de cuestionamiento de la situación actual e idealización de la familia como marco idóneo para cuidar; propuesta de cambio hacia una atención pública universal a la dependencia que descargue a las familias; y en una posición intermedia, actitud educadora para lograr el bienestar de las personas cuidadoras y evitar que dejen de cuidar. Conclusiones: Se identifican algunas percepciones y actitudes de profesionales ante el cuidado informal poco sensibles o potencialmente negativas para la equidad de género, como son la actitud conservadora que otorga a la familia la principal responsabilidad de cuidar y algunos estereotipos sexistas que atribuyen a las mujeres más capacidades para hacerlo. Se precisa formación específica de los y las profesionales para potenciar la incorporación del enfoque de género en el trabajo que realizan en relación con el cuidado informal.
Objectives: To analyze primary care professionals' perceptions and attitudes to informal care from a gender perspective. Methods: We performed a qualitative study using interviews and a discussion group. Eighteen primary care professionals were selected in the Health District of Grenada (Spain) by means of intentional sampling. Content analysis was performed with the following categories: a) perceptions: concepts of dependency and informal care, gender differences and impact on health, b) attitudes: not in favor of change, in favor of change and the right not to provide informal care. Results: The health professionals emphasized the non-professional, free and strong emotional component of informal care. These professionals assigned the family (especially women) the main responsibility for caregiving and used stereotypes to differentiate between care provided by men and by women. The professionals agreed that women had a greater psychological burden associated with care, mainly because they more frequently provide caregiving on their own than men. Three major attitudes emerged among health professionals about informal care: those who did not question the current situation and idealized the family as the most appropriate framework for caregiving; those who proposed changes toward a more universal dependency system that would relieve families; and those who adopted an intermediate position, favoring education to achieve wellbeing in caregivers and prevent them from ceasing to provide care. Conclusions: We identified perceptions and attitudes that showed little sensitivity to gender equality, such as a conservative attitude that assigned the family the primary responsibility for informal care and some sexist stereotypes that attributed a greater ability for caregiving to women. Specific training in gender equality is required among health professionals to reduce inequalities in informal care.
Reference Key
garca-calvente2010gacetaanlisis Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;María del Mar García-Calvente;María del Río Lozano;Esther Castaño López;Inmaculada Mateo Rodríguez;Gracia Maroto Navarro;Natalia Hidalgo Ruzzante
Journal cognition and emotion
Year 2010
DOI
DOI not found
URL
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-91112010000400006
Keywords
primary health care gender caregivers atención primaria informal care género

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