irrigation with domestic wastewater: a multivariate analysis of main soil changes irrigação com água residuária doméstica: análise multivariada das principais mudanças no solo

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2010
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Abstract
Irrigation with treated domestic sewage wastewater (TSE) is an agricultural practice to reduce water requirements of agroecossystems and the nutrient load impact on freshwaters, but adverse effects on soil chemical (salinization, sodification, etc.) and soil physical properties (alteration in soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity, etc.) have been reported. This study aimed to define some relationships among these changes in an Oxisol using multivariate analysis. Corn (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were grown for two years, irrigated with TSE. The following soil properties were determined: Ca2+; Mg2+; Na+; K+ and H + Al contents, cationic exchangeable capacity (CEC), sum of bases (SB), base saturation (V), texture (sand, silt and clay), macro-, micro-, and cryptoporosity (V MA, V MI and V CRI), water content at soil saturation (θS) and at field capacity (θFC), residual water content (θR), soil bulk density (d s), water dispersed clay (WDC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K SAT). Factor analysis revealed the following six principal factors: Fine Porosity (composed of Na+; K+; WDC, θR, θRFC, and V CRI); Large Porosity (θS, d s, V MA, Vs); Soil CEC (Ca2+; Mg2+; CEC, SB, V); Soil Acidity (H + Al); and Soil Texture (factors 5 and 6). A dual pore structure appears clearly to the factors 1 and 2, with an apparent relationship between fine porosity and the monovalent cations Na+ and K+. The irrigation (with potable sodic tap water or sewage wastewater) only had a significant effect on Fine Porosity and Large Porosity factors, while factors 3 and 4 (Soil CEC and Soil Acidity) were correlated with soil depth. The main conclusion was a shift in pore distribution (large to fine pores) during irrigation with TSE, which induces an increase of water storage and reduces the capacity of drainage of salts.
A irrigação com águas residuárias tratadas (ART) é uma técnica utilizada na agricultura para reduzir as necessidades hídricas e o impacto da carga de nutrientes nos mananciais, porém vários efeitos negativos já foram registrados nas propriedades químicas (salinização, sodificação, etc.) e físicas do solo (alteração na porosidade e condutividade hidráulica do solo, etc.). Este estudo teve como objetivo definir, por meio de uma análise multivariada, inter-relações entre essas mudanças em um Latossolo onde foram cultivados durante dois anos milho (Zea mays L.) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), irrigando com ART. Foram analisados: teores de Ca2+; Mg2+; Na+; K+ e H + Al, capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), soma das bases (SB), saturação por bases (V), textura (areia, silte e argila), macro-, micro- e criptoporosidade (V MA, V MI e V CRI), umidades na saturação (θS) e na capacidade de campo (θCC), umidade residual (θR), densidade aparente do solo (d s), argila dispersa em água (ADA) e condutividade hidráulica em meio saturado (K SAT). A análise revelou os seguintes seis fatores principais. Porosidade fina (composto por Na+; K+; WDC, θR, θCC e V CRI), Porosidade larga (θS, d s, V MA, Vs), CTC do solo (Ca2+; Mg2+; CCC, SB, V), Acidez do solo (H + Al) e Textura do solo (fatores 5 e 6). Uma estrutura de porosidade dupla apareceu claramente nos fatores 1 e 2, mostrando relações nítidas entre Porosidade fina e os cátions monovalentes Na+ e K+. O efeito da irrigação (utilizando água encanada sódica potável ou ART) foi somente significativo para os fatores Porosidade fina e Porosidade Larga, enquanto os fatores 3 e 4 (CTC do solo e acidez do solo) foram correlacionados com a profundidade do solo. A conclusão principal é a mudança da distribuição dos poros do solo durante a irrigação com ART (poros grossos para poros finos), o que leva ao aumento do armazenamento da água no solo e à redução da drenagem dos sais.
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gloaguen2010revistairrigation Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Thomas Vincent Gloaguen, Roberta Alessandra Bruschi Gonçalves, Maria Cristina Forti, Yves Lucas, Célia Regina Montes
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Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2010
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832010000400038
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832010000400038
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