calibração de métodos de determinação de fósforo em solos cultivados sob sistema plantio direto calibration of phosphorus extraction methods in soils cultivated under no-tillage
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ID: 215357
2008
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Abstract
A mudança no sistema de preparo do solo e cultivo das plantas, do sistema convencional para o plantio direto, na profundidade de amostragem e o aumento de rendimento das culturas, ao longo do tempo podem alterar os teores críticos de P, as faixas de fertilidade e as quantidades de fertilizante para as culturas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo calibrar os teores de P disponível, determinado pelos métodos Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e resina de troca iônica, nas culturas de soja, trigo e milho cultivadas no sistema plantio direto, e estimar as doses de P para a máxima eficiência econômica dessas culturas. Para isso, utilizaram-se amostras de solo e resultados de rendimento de grãos de experimentos em sistema plantio direto, com doses de P, realizados por instituições de ensino, pesquisa e extensão no Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da produção, determinaram-se a curva de calibração, as faixas de fertilidade e as doses de P para a máxima eficiência econômica. Os resultados indicam que o aumento médio no rendimento de grãos de milho, trigo e soja foi de 47,10, 12,37 e 7,20 kg ha-1 kg-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de determinação entre o rendimento relativo e os teores de P no solo aumentaram quando se agruparam os solos por classes texturais e foram maiores na camada de 0-10 cm em relação à de 0-20 cm; os teores críticos de P com o método de Mehlich-1 foram de 7,5, 15,0 e 21,0 mg kg-1 na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade e de 16,0; 28,0 e 40,0 mg kg-1 na camada de 0-10 cm, nas classes texturais 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. As faixas de fertilidade de P foram maiores nos métodos de Mehlich-3 e resina, se comparados ao método Mehlich-1. As doses do fertilizante fosfatado para as culturas de soja e milho foram maiores que as atualmente recomendadas para produção de 90 % do rendimento máximo. Verificou-se que os teores críticos de P são maiores em solos cultivados sob sistema plantio direto com soja, trigo e milho tanto na camada de 0-20 cm como na de 0-10 cm de profundidade e que os métodos da resina e Mehlich-3 apresentaram faixas de fertilidade mais amplas do que o método Mehlich-1.
The change of cultivation systems from conventional to no-tillage, the change in soil sampling depth and the higher crop yields over time can influence the critical P content, fertility ranges and fertilizer doses recommended for crops. The objective of this work was to calibrate the soil P tests, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and anion-exchange (AER) resin for soybean, wheat and corn plants cultivated under no-tillage system, and to estimate the P fertilizer amounts for a maximum economic yield. For this purpose soil samples and yield results from several experiments under no-till and different P doses, conducted by institutions of education, research and extension of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The calibration curves were fitted using non-linear model functions, and the levels of soil fertility and fertilizer doses for a maximum economic yield were inferred. Results indicate that the average increases in corn, wheat and soybean yields were 47.1, 12.4 and 7.2 kg ha-1 kg-1 P2O5, respectively; the determination coefficients between the relative yield and soil P concentrations were higher when the soils were separated by texture classes and were highest in the 0-10 cm than the 0- 20 cm layer; the critical values of P, based on Mehlich-1 were 7.5; 15.0 and 21.0 mg kg-1the 0-20 cm layer, and of 16.0, 28.0 and 40.0 mg kg-1 in the 0-10 cm layer in the clay classes 1, 2 and 3, respectively; P fertility ranges were wider by Mehlich-3 and AER as compared to Mehlich-1; the quantities of P fertilizer were higher for soybean and corn when compared to the currently recommended quantities. The critical P concentrations are higher in soils under no-tillage with soybean, wheat and corn in the 0-20 as well as the 0-10 cm layer; the fertility ranges by resin and Mehlich-3 were wider than by Mehlich-1; the fertilizer P quantities are higher for soybean and corn grown under no-tillage.
The change of cultivation systems from conventional to no-tillage, the change in soil sampling depth and the higher crop yields over time can influence the critical P content, fertility ranges and fertilizer doses recommended for crops. The objective of this work was to calibrate the soil P tests, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and anion-exchange (AER) resin for soybean, wheat and corn plants cultivated under no-tillage system, and to estimate the P fertilizer amounts for a maximum economic yield. For this purpose soil samples and yield results from several experiments under no-till and different P doses, conducted by institutions of education, research and extension of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The calibration curves were fitted using non-linear model functions, and the levels of soil fertility and fertilizer doses for a maximum economic yield were inferred. Results indicate that the average increases in corn, wheat and soybean yields were 47.1, 12.4 and 7.2 kg ha-1 kg-1 P2O5, respectively; the determination coefficients between the relative yield and soil P concentrations were higher when the soils were separated by texture classes and were highest in the 0-10 cm than the 0- 20 cm layer; the critical values of P, based on Mehlich-1 were 7.5; 15.0 and 21.0 mg kg-1the 0-20 cm layer, and of 16.0, 28.0 and 40.0 mg kg-1 in the 0-10 cm layer in the clay classes 1, 2 and 3, respectively; P fertility ranges were wider by Mehlich-3 and AER as compared to Mehlich-1; the quantities of P fertilizer were higher for soybean and corn when compared to the currently recommended quantities. The critical P concentrations are higher in soils under no-tillage with soybean, wheat and corn in the 0-20 as well as the 0-10 cm layer; the fertility ranges by resin and Mehlich-3 were wider than by Mehlich-1; the fertilizer P quantities are higher for soybean and corn grown under no-tillage.
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schlindwein2008revistacalibrao
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Jairo André Schlindwein;Clesio Gianello |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2008 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832008000500025
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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