las urgencias en la atención primaria: uso de exámenes complementarios y medicamentos emergencies in primary health care: use of complementary tests and drugs

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ID: 214428
2008
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Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN: los servicios de urgencias requieren de un soporte de exámenes y medicamentos que apoyen su capacidad resolutiva y que se utilicen con eficiencia. OBJETIVOS: identificar el uso de exámenes complementarios y medicamentos, sus costos y relación con la morbilidad observada. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo sobre la utilización de exámenes complementarios, medicamentos y sus costos, en el servicio de urgencias del Policlínico-Hospital "Raúl Gómez García", en el período de enero a marzo de 2007. Se correlacionó el uso de exámenes y medicamentos con la morbilidad observada. RESULTADOS: el chequeo de la tensión arterial, las infecciones respiratorias agudas y las crisis agudas de asma bronquial fueron las causas más frecuentes de consulta. Se observó 1 de cada 21,3 pacientes atendidos. El 19,7 % de los pacientes requirieron la realización de exámenes complementarios. El laboratorio clínico, fue el medio diagnóstico más utilizado. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron: el aerosol de salbutamol, la dipirona y la aminofilina. La indicación de exámenes y medicamentos, generalmente, estuvo justificada por los problemas de salud atendidos. Los exámenes de rayos X, los electrocardiogramas y entre los medicamentos la hidrocortisona, fueron los que más gastos ocasionaron. CONCLUSIONES: la morbilidad observada estuvo acorde con lo esperado para un servicio de urgencias primario, y justificó, en la mayoría de los casos, los exámenes y medicamentos utilizados. El empleo racional del método clínico puede mejorar el uso de recursos y los costos.
INTRODUCTION: the emergency services require tests and drugs that support their resolving capacity and that be used with efficiency. OBJECTIVES: to identify the use of complementary tests and drugs, their costs and their connection with the morbidity observed. METHODS: an observational descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study on the use of complementary tests, drugs and their costs was conducted at the emergency service of "Raúl Gómez García" Polyclinic-Hospital from January to March, 2007. The utilization of complementary tests and drugs was correlated with the morbidity observed. RESULTS: the checking of arterial pressure, the acute respiratory infections and the acute crises of bronchial asthma were the most frequent causes for visiting the physician's office. One out of 21.3 attended patients was observed. 19.7 % of the patients required complementary tests. The clinical lab was the most used diagnostic tool. Salbutamol aerosol, dypirone and aminophyline were the most used drugs. The indication of tests and drugs was generally justified by the health problems attended. X-rays, electrocardiograms and hydocortisone, among drugs, produced the greatest costs. CONCLUSIONS: the morbidity observed agreed with what was expected for a primary emergency service and justified, in most of the cases, the tests and drugs used. The rational application of the clinical method may improve the utilization of resources and the costs.
Reference Key
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Authors ;José Díaz Novás;Adela Calles Calviño;Ivette Roldán de la Paz;Daniel Chea Ochoa
Journal chemical biology and drug design
Year 2008
DOI
DOI not found
URL
http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21252008000300003
Keywords
primary health care atención primaria drugs emergencies costos

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