consumo energético, eficiencia de campo y cobertura vegetal en labranza-siembra de maíz en el valle del cauca, colombia
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ID: 205469
2005
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Abstract
En el Centro de Investigaciones Palmira de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Corpoica, se realizó un estudio de auditoría energética en cuatro métodos de labranza-siembra (vertisol) de maíz en rotación con algodón. El mayor consumo de energía fósil correspondió a labranza convencional (LC), en la cual más del 70% se invirtió en las labores de labranza primaria y secundaria, seguida de cincel vibratorio (CV) con un 65% y de mulch-tiller (MT) con 54%; siembra directa (SD) sólo empleó combustible fósil en la operación de desbroce de la soca y en la siembra; LC requirió casi 4 veces más energía que SD, CV casi 3 veces más y MT 2.7 veces más; el costo del combustible estuvo en igual proporción, lo mismo que el costo ambiental; en LC, MT y CV el primer pase del implemento de labranza consumió entre 1.5 y 3 veces más energía que el segundo y tercer pases, en suelos tenaces como los vertisoles del CI Palmira. Los altos valores de eficiencia de campo en LC contrastaron con el elevado consumo energético, en comparación con SD, y éste mostró diferencias notorias con respecto a los demás métodos de labranza-siembra en lo relacionado con la conservación de la cobertura vegetal del suelo.
ABSTRACT
Energy consumption, field efficiency and on ground vegetal cover in corn till-planting systems on Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Corn-cotton energy audit in four tillage-planting systems was carried out at the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research Center branch Palmira. The highest consumption of fossil energy corresponded to conventional tillage (LC), in which more than 70% of this consumption corresponded to primary and secondary tillage, followed by vibratory chisel (CV) with 65% and mulch-tiller (MT) with 54%, whereas no-till planting (SD) observed the lowest energy consumption, because it suppressed itself primary and secondary tillage and only used fossil fuel to prepare the soca of the previous culture. Referred to SD, LC required about 4 times more energy, CV about 3 times and MT 2.7 times more, respectively. The cost of the fuel was in equal proportion, just like the environmental cost. In LC, MT and CV, the first one run of tillage consumed between 1.5 and 3 times more energy than the second and third runs, in hard soils like vertisols of the Palmira Research Center. The highest field efficiency in LC contrasted with the elevated energy consumption, in comparison with SD. SD showed well-known differences with regard to the other till-planting systems, concerning on ground vegetal cover conservation.
Key words: Zea mays, cotton, tillage energy audit, live mulches.
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| Authors | ;Herrera G Oscar A.;Chaparro O.;Peña C. J. |
| Journal | Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM |
| Year | 2005 |
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