potential topical natural repellent against ae. aegypti, culex sp. and anopheles sp. mosquitoes

Abstrak
Latar belakang:Minyak atsiri daun sirih diketahui mempunyai daya proteksi. Dibuatkan losion berdasarkan pengantar sediaan farmasi yang ditambahkan minyak atsiri daun nilam. Sediaan losion dipilih agar dapat
menempel lebih lama di permukaan kulit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan daya proteksi antara losion dengan penambahan minyak nilam dan losion tanpa penambahan minyak nilam dibandingkan
daya proteksi dengan DEET.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Semua nyamuk uji berasal dari insektarium laboratorium penelitian kesehatan Loka litbang P2B2 Ciamis. Konsentrasi minyak atsiri daun
sirih dalam losion adalah 4%; konsentrasi minyak nilam sebagai zat pengikat adalah 0,4%. Formula yang digunakan yaitu formula dasar yang ada pada pengantar sediaan farmasi. Uji repelensi dilakukan dengan
menggunakan metoda yang direkomendasikan oleh Komisi pestisida.
Hasil: Dihasilkan formulasi losion yang stabil dan masih memenuhi standar formulasi sediaan. Berdasarkan hasil, diperoleh data bahwa DEET dan losion hasil modifikasi memiliki rata-rata daya proteksi di atas 90% selama 6 jam terhadap nyamuk Ae.aegypti dan Culex sp.
Kesimpulan: Penambahan minyak nilam pada losion sirih dapat meningkatkan daya proteksi terhadap hinggapan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Culex sp. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:44-8)
Kata kunci:repelen alamiah, minyak atsiri, daun sirih, daun nilam, Ae. aegypti, Culex sp.

Abstract
Background: Betel leaf essential oil lotion has been known to have insect repellent properties. A lotion was made based on a pharmaceutical formula from a monograph where patchouli leaf essential oil was added. A lotion preparation was intended to enhance adherence of the formula on the surface of the skin. The purpose of this study was to compare protection percentage of lotion with patchouli oil and without patchouli oil lotion compared to DEET.
Methods: This study is an experimental laboratory-based research. All mosquitoes were acquired from Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis. The lotion was made up of 4% betel leaf oil with 0.4% Patchouli leaf oil which acted as fixative. Repellency test was performed using methods recommended by the Commission on Pesticides.
Results: The lotion made was stable and met the standard of formulations. The results showed that DEET and the lotion had an average protection of above 90% for 6 hours against Ae.aegyptiand Culex sp.
mosquitoes.
Conclusion: The addition of patchouli oil on betel lotions can increase protection against Ae.aegyptiand Culex sp. bites. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:44-8)
Key words: Natural repellent, betel leaf essential oil, patchouli leaf essential oil, Ae.aegypti, Culex sp.