avaliação das cultivares mundo novo, bourbon amarelo e bourbon vermelho de coffea arabica l. em campinas, sp evaluation of the cultivars mundo novo, bourbon amarelo and bourbon vermelho of coffea arabica l., in campinas, state of são paulo, brazil

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ID: 196084
2005
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Abstract
Com o objetivo de ampliar a diversidade genética da cultivar Mundo Novo, progênies S1 de 92 novas plantas matrizes, selecionadas em 1952, no município de Urupês (SP), foram estudadas em experimento instalado no Centro Experimental do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas, utilizando-se como testemunhas 12 progênies S2 de Mundo Novo, seis de Bourbon Amarelo e sete de Bourbon Vermelho. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso com 21 repetições, parcelas de uma única cova e uma planta por cova, tendo sido realizadas colheitas consecutivas durante 33 anos. Foram mensuradas também as seguintes variáveis: índice de avaliação visual, precocidade de maturação dos frutos, porcentagem de sementes dos tipos chato, moca e concha e tamanho das sementes mediante determinação da peneira média. Diferenças significativas foram verificadas na produção dentro e entre grupos de Mundo Novo S1, Mundo Novo S2, Bourbon Amarelo e Bourbon Vermelho, sendo a média de produção das progênies S1, 6% superior à do grupo Mundo Novo S2. Foram observadas nas progênies de Mundo Novo S1 e S2, respectivamente, produtividade 39% e 30% superior à do Bourbon Amarelo e 112% e 99%, respectivamente, à do Bourbon Vermelho. Entre as 30 progênies mais produtivas, 4 pertencem à geração S2 e as restantes à geração S1 de Mundo Novo, indicando a eficiência da primeira seleção realizada em 1943. De modo geral, verificaram-se nas melhores progênies da cultivar Mundo Novo maturação média, sendo CP447, a mais precoce e CP502, a mais tardia. Apenas a progênie CP474 conseguiu peneira média superior às demais. Com o presente trabalho, concluiu-se que as progênies da cultivar Mundo Novo têm ótima capacidade produtiva, boa longevidade e excelente rusticidade. As novas seleções evidenciaram ainda mais o valor dessa cultivar, sendo uma das mais produtivas que se conhece em C. arabica.
Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo is the most outstanding coffee cultivars studied at the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, State of São Paulo. Besides its rusticity, this cultivar has showed high yield capacity in all Brazilian coffee growing areas. In order to further diversify the Mundo Novo genetic background, new selection of mother trees was undertaken, in 1952, in six sites where former selections were made in Urupês, SP. Four groups of coffee progenies were planted to be compared at the Central Experimental Station, in Campinas, SP: 92 new selections (S1), 12 progenies of selected Mundo Novo (S2), 6 selected progenies of Bourbon Amarelo and 7 progenies of Bourbon Vermelho cultivars of C. arabica. The 117 progenies were planted in a randomized block design, with one-plant plots and 21 replications. Yield data were collected from individual plants during 33 consecutive annual harvests, from 1955 to 1987. Prior to the 1985 harvest, observations were made on the shape of plants, vegetative vigor (IAV index, 1 to 10 points varying from the worst to the best, respectively), fruit ripening (1 point for early, 3 for medium and 5 for late ripening, respectively), seed characteristics, such as flat beans, peaberry and elephant beans, and seed size. Significative differences were found in the yield inside and between progenies groups - Mundo Novo S1, Mundo Novo S2, Bourbon Amarelo and Bourbon Vermelho. The average yield of Mundo Novo S1 was 6% superior to the of Mundo Novo S2, and both groups of Mundo Novo S1 and S2 were more productive than Bourbon Amarelo (39 and 30%) and the progenies of Bourbon Vermelho (112 and 99%), respectively. Among the 30 highest Mundo Novo yield progenies, 4 belong to S2 and 26 to S1, Mundo Novo progenies, indicating the efficiency of the selection of S1 progenies. The highest yield Mundo Novo progenies have medium maturation. However individual plants in the progenies were classified as early, medium or late maturing plants. The Mundo Novo progeny CP447 gave larger number of plants with early fruit ripening and CP502 gave the highest number of late plants. All the best Mundo Novo progenies presented normal flat, peaberry and elephant beans seed percentages and seed size. The progeny CP474 gave several plants with larger seeds. The highest yield S2 Mundo Novo progenies such as P388-17, MP376-4 and the S1 CP502, CP515, CP474, CP447, CP501, CP543, CP475, CP464 and CP441 have already been multiplied in seed plots and are being extensively planted in all coffee regions of Brazil.
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Authors Luiz Carlos Fazuoli, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho, Maria Bernadete Silvarolla, Herculano Penna Medina Filho, Alcides Carvalho
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Journal revista espanola de salud publica
Year 2005
DOI
10.1590/S0006-87052005000400003
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052005000400003
Keywords
coffee breeding Cafe

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