definição da dimensão do indivíduo solo e determinação do número de amostras simples necessário à sua representação determination of a soil individual and the number of single samples required to represent it

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2006
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Abstract
Uma população é composta por indivíduos, e a amostragem correta dos indivíduos estima adequadamente as características da população. Porém, para avaliar a fertilidade do solo, quem seria o indivíduo solo (unidades de amostra) e qual sua dimensão? Com o objetivo de definir a dimensão do indivíduo solo componente de determinada população, sob plantio direto (PD) ou sob plantio convencional antes (PCAA) ou depois da aração (PCDA), visando avaliar a fertilidade do solo e desenvolver um método de amostragem de solos, determinando o número de amostras simples necessário à formação de uma amostra composta que caracterize o indivíduo solo (unidade de amostra), foram coletadas amostras simples de solo (5,4 cm de diâmetro x 10 cm de profundidade) sobre as semidiagonais de cinco hexágonos delimitados sobre cada uma das áreas selecionadas para amostragem (PD, PCAA e PCDA). Os hexágonos de amostragem apresentavam 2 m de lado e, em cada uma das seis semidiagonais dos mesmos, foram coletadas dez amostras simples de solo (55 por hexágono) nas seguintes distâncias, a partir de uma amostra simples central, medidas até o centro do orifício de coleta: 12,5; 25,0; 37,5; 50,0; 75,0; 100,0; 112,5; 150,0 e 200,0 cm, sendo a amostra simples central comum às seis semidiagonais. Foram determinados o pH (H2O), os teores de P e K disponíveis e de Ca2+ e Mg2+, H + Al, P-rem e a matéria orgânica. As amostras simples foram agrupadas sucessivamente a partir do centro do hexágono, formando nove unidades de amostra: A (até 18,75), B (até 31,25), C (até 43,75), D (até 56,25), E (até 81,25), F (até 106,25), G (até 118,75), H (até 156,25) e I (até 206,25 cm). Foi realizada análise de regressão das médias e dos desvios-padrão das características avaliadas, considerando possíveis dimensões da unidade de amostra de solo. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: para a caracterização do indivíduo solo (unidade de amostra), devem-se coletar 25 amostras simples, necessárias à formação de uma amostra composta representativa, num hexágono de 68,75 cm de lado e área de 1,228 m².
A population consists of individuals and a correct sampling of the individuals estimates population characteristics adequately. However, to evaluate soil fertility, what would be the soil individual (sample units), and of what size? The objective of this study was to determine the dimension of the individual soil component of a particular population, in three sampling areas: under no-till or under conventional tillage before or after plowing, and to evaluate soil fertility and develop a soil sampling method, determining the number of single samples required to form a composite sample that would characterize a soil individual (sample unit). Single soil samples (5.4 cm diameter x 10 cm deep) were collected along the semi-diagonals of five hexagons outlined on the selected sampling areas. The sampling hexagons had 2 m long sides and from each of the six semi-diagonals, 10 single soil samples (55 per hexagon) were collected at the distances 12.5; 25.0; 37.5; 50.0; 75.0; 100.0; 112.5; 150.0 and 200.0 cm, measured from a simple central sample, to the center of the sampling spot. The single central sample was the same for the six semi-diagonals. Soil pH (H2O), available P and K, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and H + Al, equilibrium-P and organic matter were determined. The single samples were grouped successively from the hexagon center and formed nine sampling units: A (up to 18.75), B (up to 31.25), C (up to 43.75), D (up to 56.25), E (up to 81.25), F (up to 106.25), G (up to 118.75), H (up to 156.25) and I (up to 206.25 cm). Regression analysis of the means and standard deviations of the evaluated characteristics was performed considering the possible dimensions of the soil sample unit. Based on the results, the conclusion was drawn that 25 simple samples must be collected to characterize a soil individual (sample unit), for the formation of a representative composite sample in a 68.75 cm-sided hexagon with an area of 1.228 m².
Reference Key
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Authors André Guarçoni M., Víctor Hugo Alvarez V., Roberto Ferreira Novais, Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti, Hélio Garcia Leite, Francisco Morel Freire
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Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2006
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832006000600004
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832006000600004
Keywords
sampling spatial variabilityagriculture (general)

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