lixiviação de potássio da palha de plantas de cobertura em diferentes estádios de senescência após a dessecação química potassium leaching from plant cover straw at different senescence stages after chemical desiccation
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2005
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Abstract
O manejo químico de espécies de cobertura do solo é prática usual em sistemas de semeadura direta, e a mineralização de nutrientes dos restos vegetais deixados na superfície do solo pode ser intensificada pela ação da água da chuva ao longo da senescência das plantas submetidas ao herbicida. Avaliou-se a lixiviação de K da palha de seis espécies vegetais com potencial de uso como plantas de cobertura do solo, utilizando chuvas simulada em diferentes estádios após a dessecação química. Milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), sorgo de guiné (Sorghum vulgare), aveia preta (Avena strigosa), triticale (Triticum secale), crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea) e braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens) foram cultivados em vasos, em casa de vegetação, em Botucatu (SP). Aos 50 dias da emergência, as plantas foram manejadas com herbicida pós-emergente não-seletivo e submetidas à chuva simulada de 30 mm, aos 2, 4, 8 e 16 dias da dessecação, considerando uma quantidade de palha equivalente a 8,0 t ha-1 de matéria seca. As quantidades de K lixiviado das palhas aumentaram, à medida que o estado de senescência das plantas evoluiu após o manejo químico. No que diz respeito à nutrição potássica da cultura subseqüente, a palha do triticale apresentou-se como a melhor alternativa, uma vez que disponibilizou um montante de mais de 9 kg ha-1 de K até 16 dias após a dessecação química das plantas.
Chemical control of green cover crops is common in no-till systems and nutrient mineralization of the residues left on the soil surface can be intensified by rainfall over time after the plant desiccation. Potassium leaching from six green cover crops was evaluated as affected by rainfall simulated at different stages after the herbicide application. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), guinea sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), black oat (Avena strigosa), triticale (Triticum secale), Indian hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The plants were sprayed with non-selective post-emergence herbicide fifty days after emergence. After the desiccation (2, 4, 8, and 16 days) the plants were cut and subjected to 30 mm of simulated rainfall, simulating an amount of 8 t ha-1 of straw. The amount of K leached from the straw increased as plants died off after herbicide application. Regarding the K supply to the subsequent crop, triticale straw was the best alternative, as it made over 9 kg ha-1 of K until 16 days after herbicide application available.
Chemical control of green cover crops is common in no-till systems and nutrient mineralization of the residues left on the soil surface can be intensified by rainfall over time after the plant desiccation. Potassium leaching from six green cover crops was evaluated as affected by rainfall simulated at different stages after the herbicide application. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), guinea sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), black oat (Avena strigosa), triticale (Triticum secale), Indian hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens) were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The plants were sprayed with non-selective post-emergence herbicide fifty days after emergence. After the desiccation (2, 4, 8, and 16 days) the plants were cut and subjected to 30 mm of simulated rainfall, simulating an amount of 8 t ha-1 of straw. The amount of K leached from the straw increased as plants died off after herbicide application. Regarding the K supply to the subsequent crop, triticale straw was the best alternative, as it made over 9 kg ha-1 of K until 16 days after herbicide application available.
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calonego2005revistalixiviao
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| Authors | ;Juliano Carlos Calonego;José Salvador Simoneti Foloni;Ciro Antonio Rosolem |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2005 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832005000100011
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