potential for identifying plant-based toxins on san hunter-gatherer arrowheads

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ID: 191309
2017
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Abstract
The antiquity of the use of hunting poisons has received much attention in recent years. In this paper we present the results of a pilot study designed to detect the presence of organic compounds, typically of less than 1200 Da, from poisonous plants that may have been used as hunting poisons in the past. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography connected to a Synapt G2 high-resolution MS-QTOF mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to provisionally identify plant-based toxins present in (1) extracts of fresh plant material, (2) a blind control recipe consisting of three plant ingredients and (3) a Hei||om arrow poison of unknown ingredients. Although not all expected toxic compounds were identified, those that were identified compared favourably with those reported in the literature and confirmed through databases, specifically the Dictionary of Natural Products and ChemSpider. MS/MS fragmentation patterns and accurate mass were used for tentative identification of compounds because archaeological residues usually contain insufficient material for unambiguous identification using nuclear magnetic resonance. We highlight the potential of this method for accurately identifying plant-based toxins present on archaeological artefacts and unique (albeit non-toxic) chemical markers that may allow one to infer the presence of toxic plant ingredients in arrow poisons. Any chemical study of archaeological material should consider the unique environmental degradative factors and be sensitive to the oxidative by-products of toxic compounds. Significance:  • Methodology is presented for the identification of ancient plant-based arrow poisons.
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wooding2017southpotential Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Madelien Wooding;Justin Bradfield;Vinesh Maharaj;Dwayne Koot;Lyn Wadley;Linda Prinsloo;Marlize Lombard
Journal hungarian geographical bulletin
Year 2017
DOI
10.17159/sajs.2017/20160210
URL
https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/3758
Keywords
southern africa liquid chromatography archaeological analysissciencescience (general)social sciencessocial sciences (general)

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