aplicação de um sistema automatizado (ales - automated land evaluation system) na avaliação das terras das microrregiões de chapecó e xanxerê, oeste catarinense, para o cultivo de grãos testing ales (automated land evaluation system) in the microregions chapecó and xanxerê, western santa catarina state, for bean crop
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ID: 186355
2006
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Abstract
A avaliação de terras é o processo que permite estimar o uso potencial da terra com base em seus atributos. Grande variedade de modelos analíticos pode ser usada neste processo. No Brasil, os dois sistemas de avaliação das terras mais utilizados são o Sistema de Classificação da Capacidade de Uso da Terra e o Sistema FAO/Brasileiro de Aptidão Agrícola das Terras. Embora difiram em vários aspectos, ambos exigem o cruzamento de inúmeras variáveis ambientais. O ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System) é um programa de computador que permite construir sistemas especialistas para avaliação de terras. As entidades avaliadas pelo ALES são as unidades de mapeamento, as quais podem ser de caráter generalizado ou detalhado. A área objeto desta avaliação é composta pelas microrregiões de Chapecó e Xanxerê, no Oeste catarinense, e engloba 54 municípios. Os dados sobre os solos e sobre as características da paisagem foram obtidos no levantamento de reconhecimento dos solos do Estado, na escala de 1:250.000. O presente estudo desenvolveu o sistema especialista ATOSC (Avaliação das Terras do Oeste de Santa Catarina) e, na sua construção, incluiu-se a definição dos requerimentos dos tipos de utilização da terra, bem como foi feita a subseqüente comparação destes com os atributos de cada unidade de mapeamento. Os tipos de utilização da terra considerados foram: feijão, milho, soja e trigo, em cultivos solteiros, sob condições de sequeiro e de manejo característicos destas culturas no Estado. As informações sobre os recursos naturais compreendem os atributos climáticos, de solos e das condições da paisagem que interferem na produção destas culturas. Para cada tipo de utilização da terra foram especificados, no ATOSC, o código, o nome e seus respectivos requerimentos de uso da terra. Os requerimentos de cada cultura foram definidos por uma combinação específica das características das terras selecionadas, que determina o nível de severidade de cada um deles em relação à cultura. Estabeleceram-se quatro níveis de severidade que indicam aumento do grau de limitação ou diminuição do potencial para determinado tipo de uso da terra, a saber: limitação nula ou ligeira (favorável); limitação moderada (moderadamente favorável), limitação forte (pouco favorável); e limitação muito forte (desfavorável). Na árvore de decisão, componente básico do sistema especialista, são implementadas as regras que permitirão o enquadramento das terras em classes de adequação definidas, baseado na qualidade dos requerimentos de acordo com o tipo de uso. O ATOSC facilitou o processo de comparação entre as características das terras das microrregiões de Chapecó e Xanxerê e os requerimentos de uso considerados, por permitir efetuar automaticamente a avaliação das terras, reduzindo, assim, o tempo gasto neste processo. As terras das microrregiões de Chapecó e Xanxerê foram enquadradas, em sua maior parte, nas classes de adequação pouco favorável (3) e desfavorável (4) para os cultivos considerados. Os principais fatores limitantes identificados nestas microrregiões foram a fertilidade natural e o risco de erosão, para o feijão e o milho, e condições de mecanização e risco de erosão, para a soja e o trigo.
Land evaluation is a process that estimates the land use potential based on its properties. A large variety of analytic models can be used in this process. In Brazil, the two most widely used land evaluation systems are the "Sistema de Classificação da Capacidade de Uso da Terra" and "Sistema FAO/Brasileiro de Aptidão Agrícola das Terras". Although different in several aspects, both require the crossing of countless environmental variables. ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System) is a computer program that allows the construction of specialist systems for land evaluation. ALES evaluates map units of either general or detailed character. The area of this evaluation comprised the Chapecó and Xanxerê microregions, in the west of the state of Santa Catarina, and covered 54 municipal districts. Soil data and landscape characteristics were obtained from the state soil survey, at a scale of 1:250.000. This study developed the specialist system ATOSC (Land Evaluation in western Santa Catarina), which defines the requirements of different land use types, and the subsequent comparison of these requirements with the attributes of each map unit. The land use types considered were: bean, corn, soy and wheat in sole cultivations without irrigation, under the characteristic management of these crops in the state. The information on natural resources comprises climatic, soil and landscape attributes that affect the crop yields. In ATOSC, the code, name and land use requirements were specified for each land use type. The crop requirements were defined by a specific combination of the selected land characteristics that determine the severity level of each one in relation to the crop. We established 4 severity levels that indicate a limitation increase or a potential decrease for a certain land use: none or slight limitation (favorable); moderate limitation (moderately favorable); strong limitation (not very favorable); and very strong limitation (unfavorable). In the decision tree, a basic component of the specialist system, rules are implemented that allow a classification of the regions in defined suitability classes, based on the requirements of each land use type. The ATOSC made the comparison between the regional characteristics of the microregions Chapecó and Xanxerê and the requirements of the considered land use easier. The evaluation is automatic, reducing the time spent in the process. The Chapecó and Xanxerê microregions were fit, for the most part, in the suitability classes not very favorable (3) and unfavorable (4) for the considered crops. The main limiting factors in these microregions were identified as natural fertility and erosion risk for bean and corn; and mechanization conditions and erosion risk for soy and wheat.
Land evaluation is a process that estimates the land use potential based on its properties. A large variety of analytic models can be used in this process. In Brazil, the two most widely used land evaluation systems are the "Sistema de Classificação da Capacidade de Uso da Terra" and "Sistema FAO/Brasileiro de Aptidão Agrícola das Terras". Although different in several aspects, both require the crossing of countless environmental variables. ALES (Automated Land Evaluation System) is a computer program that allows the construction of specialist systems for land evaluation. ALES evaluates map units of either general or detailed character. The area of this evaluation comprised the Chapecó and Xanxerê microregions, in the west of the state of Santa Catarina, and covered 54 municipal districts. Soil data and landscape characteristics were obtained from the state soil survey, at a scale of 1:250.000. This study developed the specialist system ATOSC (Land Evaluation in western Santa Catarina), which defines the requirements of different land use types, and the subsequent comparison of these requirements with the attributes of each map unit. The land use types considered were: bean, corn, soy and wheat in sole cultivations without irrigation, under the characteristic management of these crops in the state. The information on natural resources comprises climatic, soil and landscape attributes that affect the crop yields. In ATOSC, the code, name and land use requirements were specified for each land use type. The crop requirements were defined by a specific combination of the selected land characteristics that determine the severity level of each one in relation to the crop. We established 4 severity levels that indicate a limitation increase or a potential decrease for a certain land use: none or slight limitation (favorable); moderate limitation (moderately favorable); strong limitation (not very favorable); and very strong limitation (unfavorable). In the decision tree, a basic component of the specialist system, rules are implemented that allow a classification of the regions in defined suitability classes, based on the requirements of each land use type. The ATOSC made the comparison between the regional characteristics of the microregions Chapecó and Xanxerê and the requirements of the considered land use easier. The evaluation is automatic, reducing the time spent in the process. The Chapecó and Xanxerê microregions were fit, for the most part, in the suitability classes not very favorable (3) and unfavorable (4) for the considered crops. The main limiting factors in these microregions were identified as natural fertility and erosion risk for bean and corn; and mechanization conditions and erosion risk for soy and wheat.
| Reference Key |
chagas2006revistaaplicao
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| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2006 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832006000300012
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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