parâmetros relacionados com a erosão hídrica sob taxa constante da enxurrada, em diferentes métodos de preparo do solo water-erosion related parameters under steady runoff-rate for different soil tillage methods
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ID: 185320
2006
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Abstract
O preparo do solo altera as suas condições físicas de superfície e subsuperfície e, conseqüentemente, influencia os valores dos fatores que se relacionam com a erosão hídrica. Considerando estes aspectos, realizou-se um experimento de erosão em campo, sob a ação de chuva simulada, entre outubro de 1999 e maio de 2000, na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense, tendo por objetivo a avaliação de alguns fatores relacionados com a erosão hídrica do solo na condição de equilíbrio do escoamento superficial, em três métodos de preparo do solo. No estudo, utilizou-se Nitossolo Háplico alumínico de textura argilosa, apresentando, no local do experimento, 0,14 m m-1 de declividade. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: (a) preparo reduzido (escarificação + gradagem); (b) preparo convencional tradicional (aração + duas gradagens), e (c) preparo convencional alterado (aração + duas gradagens + duas rastelagens), os dois primeiros em solo continuamente cultivado e o último em solo mantido continuamente sem cultivo (tratamento-testemunha). Os tratamentos foram caracterizados em termos de rugosidade ao acaso e cobertura superficiais do solo, as quais foram avaliadas imediatamente antes e depois do preparo, no dia anterior à aplicação da chuva simulada. O teste de chuva foi realizado por ocasião da semeadura da soja, na intensidade constante de 64 mm h-1 e com duração variável (até alcançar 30 min de enxurrada constante, em cada tratamento). O preparo do solo aumentou a rugosidade superficial ao acaso e diminuiu a cobertura por resíduo cultural em graus diferenciados, dependendo do método de preparo empregado. O preparo reduzido foi o tratamento mais eficaz no aumento da rugosidade superficial do solo ao acaso e na manutenção da cobertura por resíduo cultural. Os tempos de início e equilíbrio da enxurrada foram relativamente altos e pouco afetados pelos métodos de preparo do solo estudados. A velocidade da enxurrada, a concentração e o tamanho dos sedimentos, bem como a taxa de perda de solo, aumentaram com a diminuição da rugosidade e da cobertura superficiais do solo, enquanto a taxa de infiltração da água da chuva diminuiu. A taxa de descarga e o coeficiente de enxurrada - parâmetro C da Fórmula Racional -, aumentaram com a diminuição da rugosidade e da cobertura superficiais do solo.
Tillage influences both surface and subsurface soil physical conditions, and consequently the values of the factors related to the rainfall-water erosion process. A field experiment using simulated rainfall was conducted from October, 1999 to May, 2000, in the Planalto Sul Catarinense region, Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in order to evaluate some of the factors related to the rainfall-water erosion process under steady runoff-rate, with three different soil tillage methods. The soil used in the study was a clayey Typic Hapludox with 0.14 m m-1 slope at the experimental site. The evaluated treatments consisted of: (a) reduced tillage (chiseling + disking), (b) typical conventional tillage (plowing + double-disking), and (c) modified conventional tillage (plowing + double-disking + double hand-harrowing). The first two treatments were applied in continuously cultivated soil and the last one in continuously uncultivated-soil (control treatment). Both the soil surface random-roughness and soil surface residue cover were characterized in the treatments through measurements immediately before and after tillage, on the day before simulated rainfall application. The rainfall test was applied by the time of soybean planting, at a constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and varying durations (until completing 30-min of constant runoff in each treatment). Soil tillage increased the random-surface roughness and decreased surface cover to different degrees, depending on the type of equipment. Reduced tillage was the most effective treatment in terms of both increasing random surface roughness and maintaining the soil surface cover. The periods until starting runoff and reaching runoff-peak were relatively long and little affected by tillage treatments. Runoff velocity, sediment concentration and size of eroded sediments in the runoff-water, and soil loss rate increased with the decrease in both surface roughness and surface cover, while rainfall-water infiltration in the soil decreased. Runoff discharge and its associated runoff coefficient - parameter C in the Rational Equation - increased as surface roughness and surface cover decreased.
Tillage influences both surface and subsurface soil physical conditions, and consequently the values of the factors related to the rainfall-water erosion process. A field experiment using simulated rainfall was conducted from October, 1999 to May, 2000, in the Planalto Sul Catarinense region, Lages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in order to evaluate some of the factors related to the rainfall-water erosion process under steady runoff-rate, with three different soil tillage methods. The soil used in the study was a clayey Typic Hapludox with 0.14 m m-1 slope at the experimental site. The evaluated treatments consisted of: (a) reduced tillage (chiseling + disking), (b) typical conventional tillage (plowing + double-disking), and (c) modified conventional tillage (plowing + double-disking + double hand-harrowing). The first two treatments were applied in continuously cultivated soil and the last one in continuously uncultivated-soil (control treatment). Both the soil surface random-roughness and soil surface residue cover were characterized in the treatments through measurements immediately before and after tillage, on the day before simulated rainfall application. The rainfall test was applied by the time of soybean planting, at a constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and varying durations (until completing 30-min of constant runoff in each treatment). Soil tillage increased the random-surface roughness and decreased surface cover to different degrees, depending on the type of equipment. Reduced tillage was the most effective treatment in terms of both increasing random surface roughness and maintaining the soil surface cover. The periods until starting runoff and reaching runoff-peak were relatively long and little affected by tillage treatments. Runoff velocity, sediment concentration and size of eroded sediments in the runoff-water, and soil loss rate increased with the decrease in both surface roughness and surface cover, while rainfall-water infiltration in the soil decreased. Runoff discharge and its associated runoff coefficient - parameter C in the Rational Equation - increased as surface roughness and surface cover decreased.
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bertol2006revistaparmetros
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| Authors | ;Ildegardis Bertol;Eloy Lemos Mello;Neroli Pedro Cogo;Eva Vidal Vázquez;Antonio Paz González |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2006 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832006000400012
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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