incidência de doenças e necessidade de controle em cultivo protegido de videira incidence of diseases and needs of control in overhead covered grapes
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ID: 184997
2007
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Abstract
O cultivo protegido de videira no Brasil tem-se expandido, em área, visando principalmente à diminuição de danos por adversidades climáticas sobre a produção e a maturação das uvas. Entretanto, não se dispõe de informações sobre o microclima e as necessidades de controle fitossanitário que são impostas por essa tecnologia, as quais constituem os objetivos deste trabalho. O experimento foi instalado no ciclo 2005-2006, em Flores da Cunha-RS, em um vinhedo de 'Moscato Giallo', conduzido em "Y", com cobertura plástica impermeável (160µm), em 12 fileiras com 35m, deixando-se 5 fileiras sem cobertura (controle). Em ambas áreas, avaliou-se o microclima quanto à presença de água livre (registro visual), temperatura (T), umidade relativa (UR) do ar, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) e velocidade do vento (VV) próximos ao dossel vegetativo e aos cachos. Na área coberta, foram aplicados fungicidas quando necessário, enquanto na área descoberta foram realizadas aplicações por calendário. Durante a floração e a maturação, avaliaram-se a incidência e a severidade de míldio (Plasmopara viticola), oídio (Uncinula necator), podridão-cinzenta-da-uva (Botrytis cinerea), podridão-da-uva-madura (Glomerella cingulata) e podridão ácida (leveduras imperfeitas e leveduras esporógenas). A cobertura plástica aumentou a temperatura diurna próxima ao dossel vegetativo, não influenciou na umidade relativa do ar, diminuiu a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e a velocidade do vento e restringiu drasticamente a água livre sobre as folhas e cachos. Nessas condições, na área coberta, realizaram-se apenas duas aplicações para o controle do oídio, enquanto na área descoberta foram realizadas 17 aplicações para o controle de doenças fúngicas. Não houve incidência de doenças na avaliação realizada na floração, nos dois sistemas de cultivo; contudo, no período de maturação, houve decréscimos significativos de incidência de podridão ácida (-77,10%) e a severidade de podridão-da-uva-madura (-89,47%), podridão-cinzenta-da-uva (-57,56%) e podridão ácida (-84,54%) em função da cobertura plástica. De modo geral, as condições microclimáticas do cultivo protegido não permitiram o estabelecimento de míldio e diminuíram a incidência e severidade de podridões de cacho reduzindo as exigências e os custos com controle fitossanitário. Portanto, essa tecnologia pode apresentar-se como uma possibilidade de cultivo com menores impactos de contaminação para o ambiente, produtor e consumidor, desde que sejam consideradas as reduções de tratamentos fitossanitários. Isso fica evidente com os dados de acúmulo residual de fungicidas, que foi maior no cultivo protegido comparado ao convencional, de forma que o manejo fitossanitário deve ser diferenciado em relação ao cultivo convencional.
The plastic overhead cover (POC) of grapes is increasing in Brazilian vineyards aiming to reduce physical and biological damages. The objectives of this work had been to characterize the incidence and severity of diseases, and, consequently, the needs of control, as well as to evaluate the residues of fungicides in POC conditions. The experiment was installed in 2005/2006, in Flores da Cunha-RS, in a vineyard cv. Moscato Giallo, led in "Y Shape", with impermeable plastic covering (160µm), in 12 rows with 35m, being left 5 rows without covering (control). In both areas, the microclimate was evaluated with relationship to the presence of free water ( visual register ), temperature (T), relative humidity (UR) of the air, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed (WS) close to the leaves and clusters. In the covered area were only applied fungicides when necessary. In the control plants sprays were accomplished by calendar. Incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), botrytis (Botrytis cinerea), rip rot (Glomerella cingulata) and sour rot (imperfect yeasts) were evaluated in each area during the flowering and ripening. The impermeable plastic covering increased the air temperature at the leaves level, and did not influenced the relative humidity of the air, but reduced the photosynthetically active radiation and the wind speed, and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves and clusters. The covered area needed only two sprays for the powdery mildew control, while in the discovered area 17 sprays were accomplished for control of fungal diseases. There were no incidence of diseases in the flowering evaluation in both treatments, however in the ripening period there was significant decrease of incidence of sour rot (-77.10%) and severity of rip rot (-89.47%), botrytis (-57.56%) and sour rot (-84.54%). The POC increased the temperature at the leaves and clusters levels, did not have influence upon the UR, reduced the PAR and wind speed and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves. The POC did not allow the downy mildew establishment and reduced the incidence and severity of clusters rottenness, reducing the needs and the costs with control disease, and promote the smaller impacts of contamination for the environment, producer and consumer than conventional system. As the residual accumulation of fungicides is higher in POC compared to the conventional system, the control disease should be differentiated.
The plastic overhead cover (POC) of grapes is increasing in Brazilian vineyards aiming to reduce physical and biological damages. The objectives of this work had been to characterize the incidence and severity of diseases, and, consequently, the needs of control, as well as to evaluate the residues of fungicides in POC conditions. The experiment was installed in 2005/2006, in Flores da Cunha-RS, in a vineyard cv. Moscato Giallo, led in "Y Shape", with impermeable plastic covering (160µm), in 12 rows with 35m, being left 5 rows without covering (control). In both areas, the microclimate was evaluated with relationship to the presence of free water ( visual register ), temperature (T), relative humidity (UR) of the air, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed (WS) close to the leaves and clusters. In the covered area were only applied fungicides when necessary. In the control plants sprays were accomplished by calendar. Incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), botrytis (Botrytis cinerea), rip rot (Glomerella cingulata) and sour rot (imperfect yeasts) were evaluated in each area during the flowering and ripening. The impermeable plastic covering increased the air temperature at the leaves level, and did not influenced the relative humidity of the air, but reduced the photosynthetically active radiation and the wind speed, and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves and clusters. The covered area needed only two sprays for the powdery mildew control, while in the discovered area 17 sprays were accomplished for control of fungal diseases. There were no incidence of diseases in the flowering evaluation in both treatments, however in the ripening period there was significant decrease of incidence of sour rot (-77.10%) and severity of rip rot (-89.47%), botrytis (-57.56%) and sour rot (-84.54%). The POC increased the temperature at the leaves and clusters levels, did not have influence upon the UR, reduced the PAR and wind speed and restricted the free water drastically on the leaves. The POC did not allow the downy mildew establishment and reduced the incidence and severity of clusters rottenness, reducing the needs and the costs with control disease, and promote the smaller impacts of contamination for the environment, producer and consumer than conventional system. As the residual accumulation of fungicides is higher in POC compared to the conventional system, the control disease should be differentiated.
| Reference Key |
chavarria2007revistaincidncia
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Geraldo Chavarria;Henrique Pessoa dos Santos;Olavo Roberto Sônego;Gilmar Arduíno Bettio Marodin;Homero Bergamaschi;Loana Silveira Cardoso |
| Journal | technocom |
| Year | 2007 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-29452007000300014
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| URL | |
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