extracellular environment contribution to astrogliosis – lessons learned from a tissue engineered 3d model of the glial scar

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2015
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Abstract
Glial scars are widely seen as a (bio)mechanical barrier to central nervous system regeneration. Due to the lack of a screening platform, which could allow in-vitro testing of several variables simultaneously, up to now no comprehensive study has addressed and clarified how different lesion microenvironment properties affect astrogliosis. Using astrocytes cultured in alginate gels and meningeal fibroblast conditioned medium, we have built a simple and reproducible 3D culture system of astrogliosis mimicking many features of the glial scar. Cells in this 3D culture model behave similarly to scar astrocytes, showing changes in gene expression (e.g. GFAP) and increased extra-cellular matrix production (chondroitin 4-sulphate and collagen), inhibiting neuronal outgrowth. This behavior being influenced by the hydrogel network properties. Astrocytic reactivity was found to be dependent on RhoA activity, and targeting RhoA using shRNA-mediated lentivirus reduced astrocytic reactivity. Further, we have shown that chemical inhibition of RhoA with ibuprofen or indirectly targeting RhoA by the induction of extracellular matrix composition modification with chondroitinase ABC, can diminish astrogliosis.Besides presenting the extracellular matrix as a key modulator of astrogliosis, this simple, controlled and reproducible 3D culture system constitutes a good scar-like system and offers great potential in future neurodegenerative mechanism studies.
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rocha2015frontiersextracellular Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Daniela Nogueira Rocha;Daniela Nogueira Rocha;Daniela Nogueira Rocha;José eFerraz-Nogueira;José eFerraz-Nogueira;Cristina Carvalho Barrias;Cristina Carvalho Barrias;João Bettencourt Relvas;João Bettencourt Relvas;Ana Paula ePêgo;Ana Paula ePêgo;Ana Paula ePêgo;Ana Paula ePêgo
Journal macromolecular bioscience
Year 2015
DOI
10.3389/fncel.2015.00377
URL
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00377/full
Keywords
astrocytes tissue engineering extracellular matrix mechanotransduction rhoa neuropsychiatry biological psychiatry

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