distant metastatic retinoblastoma without central nervous system involvement

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ID: 183726
2013
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Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births. Metastatic retinoblastoma is rare in developed countries, with a reported range from 4.8% in the United States to 5.8% in the United Kingdom. However, the frequency reported from developing countries varies from 9 to 11% at presentation. The mortality is very high owing to late presentations, delayed diagnosis compounded by socio-economic factors. The management of metastatic retinoblastoma is evolving, but it is still a challenge in pediatric oncology. We present a case of an extensive skeletal metastasis that initially presented as a massive orbital retinoblastoma.
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Authors ;Mohammad Javed Ali;Santosh G Honavar;Vijay Anand Reddy
Journal Bioinformatics
Year 2013
DOI
10.4103/0301-4738.97077
URL
http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2013;volume=61;issue=7;spage=357;epage=359;aulast=Ali
Keywords
Optical coherence tomography inflammation metastasis anxiety air pain electron microscopy health professionals photodynamic therapy retina rabbit intraocular pressure cataract bone marrow methotrexate melatonin doxycycline light microscopy healthcare workers pituitary adenoma endovascular treatment contact lens topical anesthesia ranibizumab intravitreal injection

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