social and cultural dimensions of hypertension in brazil: a review dimensões culturais e sociais da hipertensão no brasil: uma revisão

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ID: 183494
2000
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Abstract
Elevated arterial blood pressure varies substantially in relation to social and cultural variables. Early work on acculturation, socioeconomic status, and blood pressure documented this variation, which could not be explained entirely by conventional factors such as diet, physical activity, or access to medical care. These findings stimulated the development of a model of stress and disease. The stress model emphasizes social and psychological factors that are perceived by individuals to be stressful, as well as factors that help individuals to respond to those stressors. Conventional stress models are, however, problematic because the primary emphasis is on individual perception, with little consideration of the social and cultural context in which stress occurs. This paper describes a complementary model of social and cultural influences on disease risk, placing greater emphasis on how individuals are able to approximate, in their own behaviors, shared cultural models of life, referred to as "cultural consonance". Findings from research in Brazil indicate that the higher an individual's cultural consonance, the lower his or her blood pressure. These results indicate the importance of linking different levels of analysis - the cultural, the individual, and the biological - to understand disease risk.
A prevalência de hipertensão arterial varia bastante em relação a fatores sociais e culturais. As pesquisas iniciais sobre aculturação, status sócio-econômico e pressão arterial documentam essa variação, que não pode ser explicada totalmente por fatores convencionais. Tais conclusões estimularam o desenvolvimento de um modelo de estresse e doença. O modelo de estresse enfatiza a participação de fatores sociais e psicológicos que os indivíduos percebem como estressores, e fatores que podem ajudar a responder a tais fatores. Os modelos convencionais de estresse são problemáticos porque sua ênfase primária é na percepção individual, com pouca consideração para o contexto social e cultural em que o estresse ocorre. Este artigo apresenta um modelo complementar de influências sociais e culturais sobre risco de doenças, dando maior ênfase a como os indivíduos são capazes de aproximar seus próprios comportamentos aos modelos culturais de vida que são compartilhados pela comunidade. Esse conceito é denominado consonância cultural. Pesquisas no Brasil sugerem que quanto maior a consonância cultural de um indivíduo, menor sua pressão arterial. Tais resultados também sugerem a importância de vincular níveis diferentes de análise no entendimento do risco de doenças.
Reference Key
dressler2000cadernossocial Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;William W. Dressler;José Ernesto dos Santos
Journal iberian conference on information systems and technologies, cisti
Year 2000
DOI
10.1590/S0102-311X2000000200002
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2000000200002
Keywords
hypertension blood pressure cultura hipertensão

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