parity, education level and risk for (pre-) eclampsia in selected hospitals in jakarta

Abstrak
Latar belakang: (Pre-)eklamsi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kematian tinggi pada ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa faktor risiko terhadap (pre-)eklamsi pada wanita bersalin di rumah sakit (RS) terpilih di Jakarta.
Metode:Penelitian potong lintang di dua RS yang dipilih secara purposif di Jakarta. Data berasal dari rekam medik pasien yang melahirkan di RS periode 1 Januari sampai 31 Desember 2011. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu konstan.
Hasil: Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 4191 wanita. Subyek yang tidak memiliki data lengkap (usia, status perkawinan, paritas, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan sumber pendanaan) tidak diikutkan pada analisis
sehingga data yang dapat dianalisis sebanyak 1685 sampel.
Proporsi (pre-)eklamsi ialah 11,5%. Jika dibandingkan dengan primipara, wanita nulipara 78% lebih tinggi  berisiko  (pre-)eklamsi  [risiko  relatif  suaian  (RRa)=1,78;  P=0,000].  Selanjutnya,  dibandingan dengan wanita yang berpendidikan tinggi, wanita yang berpendidikan rendah 86% lebih banyak berisiko pre-)eklamsi (RRa=1,86; P=0,005), sedangkan wanita yang berpendidikan menengah 72% lebih banyak berisiko (pre-)eklamsi (RRa=1,72; P=0,007).
Kesimpulan:Wanita nullipara berisiko lebih besar mengalami (pre-)eklamsi daripada primipara dan multipara,  begitu  pula  wanita  berpendidikan  rendah  dan  menengah  lebih  besar  berisiko mengalami  (pre-) eklamsi daripada wanita berpendidikan tinggi. (Health Science Indones 2013;1:35-9)
Kata kunci:paritas, pendidikan (pre-) eklamsi

Abstract
Background:(Pre-)eclampsia is a common complication in pregnancy associated with high morbidity and mortality in maternal and perinatal. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for (pre-)eclampsia in
selected hospitals in Jakarta.

Methods:This cross-sectional study design was conducted in two selected hospitals in Jakarta during the period of January 1 to December 31, 2011. The collected data came from medical records among women
who delivered in the hospitals. The Cox regression with constant time was used to analyze the risks for (pre-)eclampsia.
Results:The 4191 samples were collected from all pregnant woman who delivery in two hospitals. Subjects who did not have complete data (no age, marital status, parity, education, occupations, and funding sources) were excluded, leaving 1685 samples were available for the analysis. The proportion of (pre-)eclampsia in two hospitals was 11.5%. Nulliparous women had 78% greater risk of (pre-)eclampsia compared to primiparous women [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.78; P = 0.000]. Furthermore, women with low education level had 86% greater risk of (pre-)eclampsia (RRa=1.86, P=0.005), while middle education level had 72% greater risk of (pre-)eclampsia (RRa=1.72; P=0.007) compared to high education
level.
Conclusion: Nulliparous and low educated women had higher risk of (pre-)eclampsia in selected hospitals in Jakarta. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:35-9)
Key words:parity, education, (pre-) eclampsia