erosividade, coeficiente de chuva, padrões e período de retorno das chuvas de quaraí, rs erosivity, rainfall coefficient and patterns and return period in quarai, rs, brazi

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ID: 178268
2007
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Abstract
O conhecimento da potencialidade das chuvas em causar erosão é necessário para planejamento de atividades agrícolas e de engenharia civil. Para a localidade de Quaraí (RS), foram determinados a erosividade da chuva e a relação com a precipitação e o coeficiente de chuva, os padrões hidrológicos e o período de retorno das chuvas. Utilizaram-se dados pluviográficos diários do período 1966-2003. Para cada chuva erosiva, foram separados os segmentos do pluviograma com a mesma intensidade e registrados os dados em planilha. Com o programa Chuveros, foram calculadas as erosividades mensal, anual e média das chuvas pelo índice EI30, no Sistema Internacional de Unidades, e os padrões hidrológicos de chuva, bem como o coeficiente de chuva. Foram realizadas correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares simples entre o índice de erosividade EI30 e os valores médios mensais (p) e anuais (P) de precipitação e do coeficiente de chuva (Rc). Foi calculada a intensidade máxima da chuva pelo método da distribuição extrema tipo 1 para durações de chuva de 1/6, 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 e 48 h e períodos de retorno da chuva de 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos. Foram ajustadas equações que relacionam a intensidade máxima e a duração da chuva para os períodos de retorno da chuva de 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos, pelo método de regressão linear simples, e construído o gráfico que relaciona essas características da chuva. O valor médio anual de EI30 (fator R da USLE) calculado para Quaraí foi de 9.292 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 ano-1. Obtiveram-se as equações EI30 = -754,37 + 13,50 p (r² = 0,85) e EI30 = -47,35 + 82,72 Rc (R² = 0,84). Em relação ao total das chuvas estudadas, 44 % do número e 90 % do volume foram erosivas. Do número total das chuvas erosivas, 51 % foram do padrão hidrológico avançado, 25 % do intermediário e 24 % do atrasado, ao passo que, do volume total das chuvas erosivas, 57 % foram do padrão avançado, 25 % do intermediário e 18 % do atrasado. Das chuvas erosivas, 57 % da erosividade correspondeu a chuvas do padrão avançado, 25 % a chuvas do padrão intermediário e 18 % a chuvas do padrão atrasado.
The planning of agricultural and civil engineering activities must be based on knowledge of rainfall erosion potential. For Quarai, RS, Brazil, the rainfall erosivity and its relationship with precipitation and rainfall coefficient, rainfall patterns and rainfall return period were determined. Daily rainfall data from the 1966-2003 period were used. For each erosive rainfall the segments of the rainfall chart with the same intensity were separated and the data recorded in a worksheet. The mean precipitation and rainfall patterns were estimated, as well as the monthly and annual erosivity by the EI30 index (International System of Units), using the software Chuveros. The rainfall coefficient was calculated. Pearson correlations and linear regressions between the erosivity index EI30 and the mean annual precipitation and rainfall coefficient (Rc) were performed. The rainfall maximum intensity was calculated by the method of extreme distribution type I for different rainfall durations (1/6, 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h) and rainfall return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). Equations were adjusted that relate the maximum intensity and rainfall duration to all return periods, by the method of simple linear regression, and the rainfall characteristics related in a graph. The mean annual values of EI30 (R factor of USLE) determined for Quarai, RS, Brazil, was 9,292 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1. The following equations were obtained: EI30 = -754.37 + 13.50 p (r² = 0.85) and EI30 = -47.35 + 82.72 Rc (r² = 0.84). In relation to the total precipitation studied, 44 % of the number of rainfalls and 90 % of the volume were erosive. Of the total rainfalls evaluated, 44 % of the number and 90 % of the volume were erosive. Of the total erosive rainfall events, 51 % had an advanced, 25 % had an intermediate, and 24 % had a delayed hydrological pattern. Of the total volume of erosive rainfalls, 57 % showed and advanced pattern, 25 % intermediate, and 18 % a delayed pattern.
Reference Key
bazzano2007revistaerosividade, Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors ;Marcos Gabriel Peñalva Bazzano;Flávio Luiz Foletto Eltz;Elemar Antonino Cassol
Journal Revista de saude publica
Year 2007
DOI
10.1590/S0100-06832007000500036
URL
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832007000500036
Keywords
rainfall rainfall intensity kinetic energy

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